common MSK conditions Flashcards
1
Q
what is YLD?
A
- years lived with disability, disease or injury
2
Q
what is YLL?
A
- years of life lost (premature death due to having the condition)
3
Q
what is DALY?
A
- disability adjusted life years
4
Q
how do you work out DALY?
A
- sum of the years lived with disability and years of life lost
5
Q
what is 1DALY equivalent to?
A
- 1DALY equivalent to 1 year loss of healthy life
6
Q
what is QALY?
A
- quality adjusted life years
- health state measures that is adjusted to reflect the quality of a person’s life after an intervention on a scale of 0-1
7
Q
what is 1QALY equivalent to?
A
- 1QALY equivalent to 1 year in perfect health
8
Q
what is QALY used in?
A
- used in health economics for cost- effectiveness evaluation
9
Q
what does QALY enable?
A
- enables cost- utility (cost: value ratio of all different health interventions can be compared)
10
Q
what does using the QALY method allow?
A
- allows the cost of every treatment for every condition to be converted to a cost per QALY
11
Q
what is prevalence?
A
- total amount of people with the specific condition in society
12
Q
why are long term conditions prevalent?
A
- prevalent because they are managed and not cured
- no recovery
13
Q
what is incidence?
A
- amount of newly diagnosed of that specific condition
14
Q
what is incidence usually based on?
A
- based on annual figures
15
Q
why does incidence of long term MSK conditions increase?
A
- as society ages, more people get long term MSK conditions so incidence rises
16
Q
what are the three factors that can reduce prevalence?
A
- effective treatment for the condition
- death of the people with the condition
- reduction in the incident rate
17
Q
when does prevalence of diseases in society change?
A
- change due to changes in incidence rate
18
Q
what condition increases as the population ages?
A
- osteoarthritis increases as the population increases
19
Q
why does tennis elbow decrease?
A
- decreases due to heavy industry work
20
Q
what gender lives longer?
A
- women live longer than men
21
Q
what is osteoarthritis a disease of?
A
- disease of the elderly
22
Q
what gender are less likely to seek medical help?
A
- men are more reluctant to seek medical attention
23
Q
how many individuals live with a MSK disorder?
A
- estimated that 1.71 billion people live with a MSK disorder
24
Q
what percentage of individuals in the UK have an MSK condition? how does it vary?
A
- 17-18% of population
- varies from 2.3% among 16-24 year olds to 50.3% among 85 years+
25
are there any socio-demographic prevalence of MSK conditions?
- no
- common in men and women of all ages across all socio- demographic strata of society
26
what are MSK conditions the most common cause of?
- severe long- term pain
- physical disability
27
what does the prevalence of MSK conditions increase with?
- increases with age
28
what are many MSK conditions affected by?
- affected by lifestyle factors e.g., obesity, lack of PA
29
what are the 8 main risk factors for poor MSK health?
- age
- genetics
- obesity
- physical inactivity
- smoking
- alcohol
- poor nutrition
- injury
30
what ranking are MSK disorders in cause of work absenteeism?
- second highest cause
31
how many days were lost at work from 2009 to 2019?
- 20.0 million days were lost at work in UK
32
how much is spent on MSK conditions each year?
- 3rd largest spending cost for the NHS
- over £5 billion spent each year
33
what percentage of people of working age with MSK conditions are in employment?
- only 59.4%
34
what other condition does a large percentage of people with long term MSK conditions have?
- depression
- 4 times the prevalence for people without MSK condition
35
why are MSK conditions often described as 'forgotten conditions'?
- because people don't generally die from MSK conditions so lacks public attention
36
can you catch MSK conditions?
- no
- non- communicable disease
37
what is the other reason that MSK conditions may be forgotten?
- lack of effective treatment
38
how many different MSK conditions are there?
- around 150 different MSK conditions
39
what are the 6 most common MSK conditions?
- osteoarthritis
- back pain
- osteoporosis and fragility fractures
- neck pain
- gout
- rheumatoid arthritis
