common MSK conditions Flashcards
what is YLD?
- years lived with disability, disease or injury
what is YLL?
- years of life lost (premature death due to having the condition)
what is DALY?
- disability adjusted life years
how do you work out DALY?
- sum of the years lived with disability and years of life lost
what is 1DALY equivalent to?
- 1DALY equivalent to 1 year loss of healthy life
what is QALY?
- quality adjusted life years
- health state measures that is adjusted to reflect the quality of a person’s life after an intervention on a scale of 0-1
what is 1QALY equivalent to?
- 1QALY equivalent to 1 year in perfect health
what is QALY used in?
- used in health economics for cost- effectiveness evaluation
what does QALY enable?
- enables cost- utility (cost: value ratio of all different health interventions can be compared)
what does using the QALY method allow?
- allows the cost of every treatment for every condition to be converted to a cost per QALY
what is prevalence?
- total amount of people with the specific condition in society
why are long term conditions prevalent?
- prevalent because they are managed and not cured
- no recovery
what is incidence?
- amount of newly diagnosed of that specific condition
what is incidence usually based on?
- based on annual figures
why does incidence of long term MSK conditions increase?
- as society ages, more people get long term MSK conditions so incidence rises
what are the three factors that can reduce prevalence?
- effective treatment for the condition
- death of the people with the condition
- reduction in the incident rate
when does prevalence of diseases in society change?
- change due to changes in incidence rate
what condition increases as the population ages?
- osteoarthritis increases as the population increases
why does tennis elbow decrease?
- decreases due to heavy industry work
what gender lives longer?
- women live longer than men
what is osteoarthritis a disease of?
- disease of the elderly
what gender are less likely to seek medical help?
- men are more reluctant to seek medical attention
how many individuals live with a MSK disorder?
- estimated that 1.71 billion people live with a MSK disorder
what percentage of individuals in the UK have an MSK condition? how does it vary?
- 17-18% of population
- varies from 2.3% among 16-24 year olds to 50.3% among 85 years+
are there any socio-demographic prevalence of MSK conditions?
- no
- common in men and women of all ages across all socio- demographic strata of society
what are MSK conditions the most common cause of?
- severe long- term pain
- physical disability
what does the prevalence of MSK conditions increase with?
- increases with age
what are many MSK conditions affected by?
- affected by lifestyle factors e.g., obesity, lack of PA
what are the 8 main risk factors for poor MSK health?
- age
- genetics
- obesity
- physical inactivity
- smoking
- alcohol
- poor nutrition
- injury
what ranking are MSK disorders in cause of work absenteeism?
- second highest cause
how many days were lost at work from 2009 to 2019?
- 20.0 million days were lost at work in UK
how much is spent on MSK conditions each year?
- 3rd largest spending cost for the NHS
- over £5 billion spent each year
what percentage of people of working age with MSK conditions are in employment?
- only 59.4%
what other condition does a large percentage of people with long term MSK conditions have?
- depression
- 4 times the prevalence for people without MSK condition
why are MSK conditions often described as ‘forgotten conditions’?
- because people don’t generally die from MSK conditions so lacks public attention
can you catch MSK conditions?
- no
- non- communicable disease
what is the other reason that MSK conditions may be forgotten?
- lack of effective treatment
how many different MSK conditions are there?
- around 150 different MSK conditions
what are the 6 most common MSK conditions?
- osteoarthritis
- back pain
- osteoporosis and fragility fractures
- neck pain
- gout
- rheumatoid arthritis
