Lung disease Flashcards
what is the mortality rate of respiratory disease in the UK? what does it cause more deaths than?
- respiratory disease is a major killer
- 1 in 5 deaths
- more people die from respiratory disease than IHD (ischemic heart disease)
what is the rising percentage of deaths from occupational lung disease?
- 15% rise between 1998 and 2004
what is associated with respiratory disease?
- social inequalities associated
is lung cancer a common type of cancer? what does it cause more deaths than?
- 2nd most common cancer in men and women
- causes more deaths than breast cancer in women
what is the survival rate of people with lung cancer?
- low survival rate
- 5 year survival 6 to 7%
how many sickness absence days a year does lung disease contribute to?
- leads to 25 million certified sickness absence days a year
how much does lung disease in the UK cost a year?
- costs £11 billion a year
how much of the economic burden falls directly onto the NHS/ patients?
- £9.9 billion falls directly on the NHS and patients in private costs
how much economic burden falls on the wider economy? why?
- £1.2 billion falls on the wider economy through workdays lost
is lung disease a costly disease?
- lung disease is the 4th most costly disease area to the UK
- after mental health conditions, MSK diseases and heart diseases
what two respiratory conditions cost the most?
- COPD= £1.9billion each year
- asthma = £3 billion
what is used to document breathlessness assessments?
- standardise terminology used to document quantitative and qualitative assessment of breathlessness
what is SOBOE?
- shortness of breath on exertion
what is SOBAR?
- shortness of breath at rest
what is dyspnoea?
- subjective sensation
what is orthopnoea?
- when lying flat
what is tachypnoea?
- abnormally rapid breathing
what is hyperpnoea?
- increased depth and rate
what is hyperventilation?
- rapid breathing
what is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea?
- episodes of SOB that occurs during sleep, causing the person to wake up gasping for air
what are the 8 causes of breathlessness?
- non cardio- respiratory
- cardiac
- respiratory
- parenchyma
- pulmonary circulatory problems
- pleura
- musculoskeletal
- neuromuscular
what are the non cardio-respiratory causes of breathlessness?
- anaemia
- metabolic acidosis
- obesity
- psychogenic
- neurogenic origins
what are the cardiac causes of breathlessness?
- LVF (left ventricle failure)
- mitral valve disease
- cardiomyopathy
- constrictive pericarditis
- pericardial effusion
what are the respiratory airway problems that cause breathlessness?
- tumour
- foreign body
- asthma
- COPD
- bronchiectasis
- cystic fibrosis
- lung cancer
- bronchiolitis
what are the parenchyma causes of breathlessness?
- fibrosis alveolitis
- tuberculosis
- sarcoidosis
- pneumonia
- tumour
what are the pulmonary circulatory problems that cause breathlessness?
- PE (pulmonary embolism)
- pulmonary vasculitis
- pulmonary hypertension
what are the pleura causes of breathlessness?
- pleural effusion
- pneumothorax
- pleural fibrosis
what are the musculoskeletal causes of breathlessness?
- kyphoscoliosis
- ankylosing spondylitis
what are the neuromuscular causes of breathlessness?
- muscular dystrophy
- neuropathies
- guillain- barre syndrome
how do you measure breathlessness?
- MRC scale
- 0 to 10
what do the numbers on the MRC scale stand for?
0= nothing at all
10= maximal
what does restrictive lung disease reduce?
- reduces lung elasticity
- reduces volumes and capacity
- reduces pulmonary function secondary to the size of chest cavity/ lungs
what is impaired in restrictive lung disease?
- lungs’ ability to expand is impaired
what does restrictive lung disease increase?
- increases work of breathing
what happens to the airways in obstructive lung disease?
- airways are narrowed
what are the three things that happen to the airways in asthma?
- airways become inflamed and sensitive
- airways may react strongly to irritants
- airways become narrower, hence airflow is resisted and reduced
what are the symptoms of asthma?
- wheezing
- SOB
- chest tightness
- coughing
what are the asthma symptoms described as? when are they worse and can they be provoked?
- variable and intermittent
- worse at night
- provoked by triggers
