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ATI1 > Parkinson's Disease > Flashcards

Parkinson's Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is Parkinson’s disease?

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2
Q

Why is PD often left undiagnosed & untreated?

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3
Q

Outline some PD statistics.

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4
Q

What are the four cardinal signs and symptoms of PD?

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5
Q

Outline the characteristic problems of PD.

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6
Q

Outline the epidemiology of PD

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7
Q

Parkinson’s disease is a result of…

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8
Q

What is the Substantia Nigra?

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9
Q

Why is it called the Substantia Nigra?

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10
Q

What are the two parts of the substantia nigra & their function?

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11
Q

What is the function of the Nigrostriatal pathway?

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12
Q

What is the function of the Putamen and Caudate nuclei?

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13
Q

What are the two types of medium-sized spiny GABAergic neurons?

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14
Q

What does the imbalance of the motor circuitry mean?

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15
Q

Why & how are Lewy bodies important in PD?/

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16
Q

Outline PET imaging techniques for PD.

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17
Q

Explain the pathophysiology of PD.

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18
Q

Outline the normal dopamine pathway vs PD dopamine pathway

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19
Q

Why is an abnormal protein build-up a problem in PD?

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20
Q

Describe the progression of neurofunction loss in neurodegenerative disorders

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21
Q

Pathophysiology of PD: Degeneration of Nigrostriatal Pathway

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22
Q

How do we diagnose PD? /Steps?

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23
Q

What are the motor signs and symptoms of PD?

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24
Q

What are the nonmotor signs and symptoms of PD?

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25
Q

State the differential diagnosis of PD.

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26
Q

What is the Gold Standard of treatment?

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27
Q

What is the therapeutic challenge for L-DOPA?

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28
Q

What are the symptoms reduced by Levodopa?

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29
Q

Why is Levodopa effective at eliminating postural instability & shuffling gait?

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30
Q

What are the problems of Levodopa?

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31
Q

Outline the MOA of Levodopa?

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32
Q

What is the difference between noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons?

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33
Q

What happens if we have more dopa decarboxylase?

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34
Q

Why is L-DOPA the cornerstone of PD therapy?

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35
Q

What are the two forms of L-DOPA?

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36
Q

Sinemet/Co-careldopa

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37
Q

Madopar/Co-beneldopa

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38
Q

Why is L-DOPA used alongside peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitors?

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39
Q

What are some additional issues with L-DOPA?

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40
Q

What should Pharmacists do if patients develop an impulse control disorder?

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41
Q

What is the current challenge in the treatment of PD?

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42
Q

How does levodopa therapy reduce morbidity/mortality in PD?

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43
Q

Describe the progress in the Pharmacotherapy of the symptoms of PD

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44
Q

What are the two types of dopamine agonists?

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45
Q

MOA of COMT Inhibitors?

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46
Q

MOA of MAO-B inhibitors?

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47
Q

How do these PD drugs work/site of action?

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48
Q

What are the main features of Dopamine agonists?

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49
Q

What are the Side effects of Dopamine agonists?

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50
Q

Give examples of Dopamine agonists/synthetic dopamine

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51
Q

What is the main issue with Dopamine agonists?

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52
Q

Outline Ergot agonist dosing examples

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53
Q

Outline Non-ergot agonist dosing examples

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54
Q

What are the two types of Monoamine oxidase?

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55
Q

MAO-A

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56
Q

MAO-B

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57
Q
  • What is the role of Monoamine oxidase?
A
58
Q

What are the features of Catechol-O-Methyl transferase (COMT)

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59
Q

How does Entacapone improve L-DOPA pharmacokinetics and Efficacy?

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60
Q

What is the effect of combing L-DOPA with Entacapone?

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61
Q

What is the effect of Entacapone on L-DOPA availability in the brain?

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62
Q

What are the problems with current treatment strategies?

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63
Q

What are the most important motor complications for Parkinson’s disease treatment?

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64
Q

Give examples of Antiparkinsonian agents used to treat motor fluctuations.

A
65
Q

Why are there symptoms of re-emergence when Levodopa plasma levels fall?

A
66
Q

What is Levodopa-induced dyskinesia?

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67
Q

What drug can control Levodopa-induced dyskinesia?

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68
Q

Features of Amantadine

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69
Q

What are the side effects of Amantadine?

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70
Q

Livedo reticularis

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71
Q

What are other problems with Amantadine?

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72
Q

Why is PD described as a multi-system disease?

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73
Q

What are the neuropsychiatric problems in PD?

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74
Q

What are the non-motor symptoms in PD?

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75
Q

How do non-motor symptoms help to identify motor symptoms?

A
76
Q

Medication profile for PD drugs

A

ATI1 (20 decks)

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