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ATI1 > Affective disorders > Flashcards

Affective disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is an affective disorder?

A

a group of mental illnesses which affects ones mood, thought, behaviour, and emotions.

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2
Q

Give some examples of an affective disorder

A

OCD
PTSD
Anxiety
Depression
Bipolar

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3
Q

What causes affective disorders?

A

Genetics
Environmental factors
Drugs
Physical illness
Biochemical
Endocrine

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4
Q

what is the treatment for depression

A

Mild- non-pharmacological treatments
severe- SSRIs

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5
Q

Why should patients be informed of the withdrawal effects of anti-depressants?

A

they have negative side effects which can worsen

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6
Q

For Treatment resistant depression what is the treatment

A

Antipsychotics and lithium (mood stabilisers)

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7
Q

What guidelines are we looking at when we are looking at mental health

A

Maudsley guidelines

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8
Q

What are the principles of prescribing for depression?

A

discuss non-pharmacological treatments
discuss side-effects

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9
Q

What are SNRIs

A

serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors

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10
Q

What is first line for depression

A

SSRI

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11
Q

How do these drug work?

A

They inhibit the affects of serotonin reuptake

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12
Q

What receptors do they work on?

A

A range of receptors includind CYPs

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13
Q

Name a few SSRIs?

A

Fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram,

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14
Q

What side effects are associated with SSRIs?

A

nausea, insomnia , sexual dysfunction

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15
Q

What is the more serious side effects

A
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16
Q

What are the drugs interaction for SSRIs

A

Interactions with CYP142 with fluoxetine - causes increased theophylline levels
Interactions with CYP2D6 with fluoxetine - causes increased risk of seizure
Interactions with CYP2D6 with paroxetine - causes cancer treatment failure as it reduces affects of tamoxifen

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17
Q

What does SSRIs cause and how long are the effects seen

A
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18
Q

What are the adverse effects of SSRIs?

A

gastrointestinal, sexual dysfunction, gastrointestinal bleeding (due to inability to make blood clots properly), discontinuation syndrome and increased suicide thoughts

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19
Q

What are the factors to do with SSRIs and increased risk of bleeding?

A

Serotonin is released from platelets following a vascular injury. this causes vasoconstriction and changes in platelets leading to aggregation. this causes decreased ability to form clots

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20
Q

What group of patients do we need to worry about when giving SSRIs?

A

Patients who have:
- active ulcer disease
- Take drugs that can cause GI injury
- PPIs
- Elderly with a history of GI bleeding
- People fresh from a surgery
- Haemostatic defects, drug-induced or natural

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21
Q

How do tricyclic antidepressants work? Give two examples.

A
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22
Q

What adverse effects do tricyclic antidepressants lead to?

A
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23
Q

What monitoring needs to be done?

A
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24
Q

What are MAOIs

A
25
Q

What types of effects do we have to be aware of?

A
26
Q

What to do if the patient does not respond to the drugs chosen?

A
27
Q

What is st johns wort?

A
28
Q

What are the adverse effects of st Johns wort?

A
29
Q

What are the drug interactions with st johns wort?

A
30
Q

What do we say about anti depressants in general?

A
31
Q

What do the nice guidelines say about the duration of anti-depressants?

A
32
Q

What drugs do we use for the sexual dysfunction of anti depressants?

A
33
Q

What are the factors needed to start and stop anti-depressants?

A
34
Q

What is hyponatremia caused by?

A
35
Q

How can we monitor patients with hyponatremia?

A
36
Q

Who has an increased risk of hyponatraemia?

A
37
Q

What is treatment resistant depression

A
38
Q

How does the STAR-D program help with?

A
39
Q

What is the first choice options for TRD

A
40
Q

What is the second option in TRD

A
41
Q

What is venlafaxine?

A
42
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A
43
Q

What is mania?

A
44
Q

What is the main treatment for this disorder?

A
45
Q

What are the goals for bipolar?

A
46
Q

Give some examples of drugs used to treat this disorder.

A
47
Q

What is the recommended drugs for BPD?

A
48
Q

What is lithium used for ?

A
49
Q

What is the down side of lithium?

A
50
Q

What can you say about the plasma levels of lithium?

A
51
Q

What are the adverse effects of lithium ? and describe the effects of its toxcity?

A
52
Q

What are the interactions with lithium?

A
53
Q

What are the pre-treatment tests?

A
54
Q

What are the monitoring requirements?

A
55
Q

What antiepileptic drug is used for bipolar

A
56
Q

What antipsychotic drugs are used in bipolar?

A
57
Q

Are anti-depressants useful in bipolar?

A
58
Q

What are the recommendations for the prophylaxis of BP?

A

ATI1 (20 decks)

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