Drug of abuse and addiction Flashcards
Are all abused substances addictive?
What is drug addiction?
Why do people get addicted?
What is the reinforcement theory?
Explain the ‘operant conditioning’ of the reinforcement theory.
Explain maintenance, direction and regulation in terms of drug abuse.
What is the role of dopamine in drug addiction?
Explain the neuroanatomical basis of drug abuse
What effect does withdrawal syndrome have on dopamine levels?
What receptors does dopamine bind to?
How can we recognise drug dependence?
What is addiction?
Give definitions for the following terms: addictive behaviour, addictive drug, dependence, drug sensitization, drug withdrawal
What is withdrawal syndrome?
Explain the Cocaine And Amphetamine Reward Circuitry. (51:06)
Explain the opioid pathway.
How are GABAA receptor complexes (pale blue) involved in reward circuitry?
What factors affect drug abuse and dependence?
What pharmacological and physicochemical properties of drugs contribute to drug abuse?
Other than cognition to cues through the reward factor, what other factors lead to addiction and why?
Explain an addiction theory.
How much mg of nicotine does an average smoker take per cigarette?
Explain the mechanism of nicotine.
How does smoking cause withdrawal effects?
What are the withdrawal symptoms of cigarette smoking?
How does Nicotine Replacement Therapy help smokers quit?
Name another drug that has success in combating cigarette smoking?
How does varenicline work to stop cigarette smoking?
What are the side effects of opioids?
Explain the mechanism of Opioids.
Morphines are endogenous ligands: endorphins. What are the three types of endorphins for morphine?
What is the link between opioids and dopamine?
What are the symptoms of opioid withdrawal?
What are the pharmacological methods of detoxification?
How do opioids work to relieve symptoms of heroin addiction?
What is the disadvantage of methadone clinics in the US?
Explain the pharmacokinetics of methadone and buprenorphine, ensure to discuss the half-life of each drug.
How can opioid dependence relapse be avoided?
What alcoholism treatments are there?
Explain the effects achieved at the different blood levels of ethanol.
Ethanol does not act on specific receptors and as such has different effects on the brain. explain the affect of ethanol on the different regions of the brain.
What medical complications occur as a result of alcoholism.
What are the long term affects of alcoholism on the brain?
What affect can drinking have on an unborn child?
How do we treat initial alcohol withdrawal and agitation?
How is alcohol metabolised in the body?
How does disulfiram (Antabuse) affect the breakdown of alcohol?
What are the symptoms of Antabuse?
What are the benefits of Antabuse?
What are the negative aspects of Antabuse?
What other drugs are used for the treatment of alcoholism?
Explain the MoA of acamprostate.
What is the MoA of benzodiazepines and how does this cause benzodiazepine dependence?
What are some of the issues relating to benzodiazepines?
