Drug of abuse and addiction

Question 1

Are all abused substances addictive?

Question 2

What is drug addiction?

Question 3

Why do people get addicted?

Question 4

What is the reinforcement theory?

Question 5

Explain the ‘operant conditioning’ of the reinforcement theory.

Question 6

Explain maintenance, direction and regulation in terms of drug abuse.

Question 7

What is the role of dopamine in drug addiction?

Question 8

Explain the neuroanatomical basis of drug abuse

Question 9

What effect does withdrawal syndrome have on dopamine levels?

Question 10

What receptors does dopamine bind to?

Question 11

How can we recognise drug dependence?

Question 12

What is addiction?

Question 13

Give definitions for the following terms: addictive behaviour, addictive drug, dependence, drug sensitization, drug withdrawal 

Question 14

What is withdrawal syndrome?

Question 15

Explain the Cocaine And Amphetamine Reward Circuitry. (51:06)

Question 16

Explain the opioid pathway.

Question 17

How are GABAA receptor complexes (pale blue) involved in reward circuitry?

Question 18

What factors affect drug abuse and dependence?

Question 19

What pharmacological and physicochemical properties of drugs contribute to drug abuse?

Question 20

Other than cognition to cues through the reward factor, what other factors lead to addiction and why?

Question 21

Explain an addiction theory.

Question 22

How much mg of nicotine does an average smoker take per cigarette?

Question 23

Explain the mechanism of nicotine.

Question 24

How does smoking cause withdrawal effects?

Question 25

What are the withdrawal symptoms of cigarette smoking?

Question 26

How does Nicotine Replacement Therapy help smokers quit?

Question 27

Name another drug that has success in combating cigarette smoking?

Question 28

How does varenicline work to stop cigarette smoking?

Question 29

What are the side effects of opioids?

Question 30

Explain the mechanism of Opioids.

Question 31

Morphines are endogenous ligands: endorphins. What are the three types of endorphins for morphine?

Question 32

What is the link between opioids and dopamine?

Question 33

What are the symptoms of opioid withdrawal?

Question 34

What are the pharmacological methods of detoxification?

Question 35

How do opioids work to relieve symptoms of heroin addiction?

Question 36

What is the disadvantage of methadone clinics in the US?

Question 37

Explain the pharmacokinetics of methadone and buprenorphine, ensure to discuss the half-life of each drug.

Question 38

How can opioid dependence relapse be avoided?

Question 39

What alcoholism treatments are there?

Question 40

Explain the effects achieved at the different blood levels of ethanol.

Question 41

Ethanol does not act on specific receptors and as such has different effects on the brain. explain the affect of ethanol on the different regions of the brain.

Question 42

What medical complications occur as a result of alcoholism.

Question 43

What are the long term affects of alcoholism on the brain?

Question 44

What affect can drinking have on an unborn child?

Question 45

How do we treat initial alcohol withdrawal and agitation?

Question 46

How is alcohol metabolised in the body?

Question 47

How does disulfiram (Antabuse) affect the breakdown of alcohol?

Question 48

What are the symptoms of Antabuse?

Question 49

What are the benefits of Antabuse?

Question 50

What are the negative aspects of Antabuse?

Question 51

What other drugs are used for the treatment of alcoholism?

Question 52

Explain the MoA of acamprostate.

Question 53

What is the MoA of benzodiazepines and how does this cause benzodiazepine dependence?

Question 54

What are some of the issues relating to benzodiazepines?