parkinson's

Question 1

Parkinson disease?

Answer 1

is a movement disorder that involves degenerative loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia.

Question 2

The mechanism of action of amantadine in Parkinson disease treatment?

Answer 2

triggers the release of dopamine from intact nerve terminals and decrease its reuptake.

It appears to enhance the synthesis, release, or reuptake of dopamine from the surviving nigral neurons

Question 3

three cardinal signs of Parkinson disease

Answer 3

resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia

Question 4

What can be used to predict a more rapid rate of motor progression in those with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease and earlier development of cognitive decline and dementia;

Answer 4

Older age at onset and initial rigidity/hypokinesia

Question 5

most common initial symptom in Parkinson disease

Answer 5

Tremors.

Although tremor is the most common initial symptom in Parkinson disease, occurring in approximately 70% of patients, it does not have to be present to make the diagnosis. Tremor is most often described by patients as shakiness or nervousness. It usually begins in one upper extremity and initially may be intermittent.

Question 6

laboratory or imaging studies required to confirm diagnosis of Parkinson disease in patients with typical progression?

Answer 6

None

Parkinson disease is a clinical diagnosis. No laboratory biomarkers exist for the condition

Question 7

surgical procedure of choice for Parkinson disease

Answer 7

Deep brain stimulation has become the surgical procedure of choice for Parkinson disease for the following reasons:
It does not involve destruction of brain tissue
It is reversible
It can be adjusted as the disease progresses or adverse events occur
Bilateral procedures can be performed without a significant increase in adverse events

Question 8

What makes up the striatum

Answer 8

caudate and putamen

Question 9

Benztropine?

Answer 9

Anticholinergic used to inhibit the activity of the uninhibited cholinergic neurons in the basal ganglia

Question 10

Dopamine agonists?

Answer 10

Pramiprexole, Bromocriptine, Ropinirole

Question 11

MAO-B inhibitor

Answer 11

Selegiline

Question 12

Entacapone and Tolcapone

Answer 12

COMT inhibitors

Question 13

COMT?

Answer 13

peripheral degradation of levodopa