Knee anatomy

Question 1

Anterior cruciate ligament

Answer 1

lateral femoral condyle to anterior tibia

Resists anterior movement of tibia

Question 2

Posterior cruciate ligament

Answer 2

Medial femoral condyle to posterior tibia

Question 3

Posterior cruciate ligament begins where and ends at the posterior tibia

Answer 3

Medial femoral condyle

Question 4

ACL or PCL, which begins at lateral femoral condyle?

Answer 4

ACL

Question 5

Resists valgus and varus deformity

Answer 5

Collateral ligaments

Question 6

MCL/LCL, which ends on head of fibula?

Answer 6

Lateral collateral ligament

Question 7

Tests for ACL injury

Answer 7

Anterior drawers sign and Lachman’s test

Question 8

Test for PCL injury

Answer 8

Posterior drawer sign

Question 9

Middle genicular artery

Answer 9

ACL’s main blood supply

Question 10

Lateral meniscus tear

Answer 10

present with positive lateral joint line tenderness on physical exam.
Occurs in over half of acute ACL tears

Question 11

Main structure to resist varus stress

Answer 11

Lateral collateral ligament

Question 12

Damaged with a direct blow to medial aspect of knee

Answer 12

LCL

Question 13

Shock absorbers between femur and tibia

Answer 13

menisci.

Also help distribute weight bearing forces, and act as stabilizers between femur and tibia

Question 14

Dashboard accident suggests?

Answer 14

PCL injury

Question 15

originates from the lateral border of the distal femoral condyle and inserts onto the anterolateral aspect of the proximal fibula

Answer 15

LCL

Question 16

Originates from the inferior pole of the patella and inserts onto the tibial tubercle

Answer 16

Patellar tendon

Main action is to extend the tibia

Question 17

Patella’s main function is to aid with knee extension.

T/F?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

How is the ACL most commonly injured?

Answer 18

Via non contact pivoting mechanism

Question 19

Patellar fracture vs ACL injury

Answer 19

Both present with knee effusions and decreased knee range of motion.
ACL tear: Can extend knee and maintain passive knee extension. Patellar fracture can’t. Positive anterior drawer and Lachman’s test unlike patellar fracture

Question 20

What structure is most commonly injured from trauma where a posteriorly directed force is applied to the tibia

Answer 20

Posterior cruciate ligament

Question 21

Physical exam of MCL injury will show..?

Answer 21

increased medial joint space widening with a valgus applied force to the knee

Question 22

Valgus vs varus

Answer 22

Valgus: Knock knee, knee points inward. MCL resists this
Varus: Bowleg, knee points outward, LCL resists this

Question 23

Test for diagnosis of meniscal injuries

Answer 23

McMurray test, Thesally test

Question 24

Medial meniscus injury would cause pain upon valgus stress (but no joint space widening) T/F?

Answer 24

True