Eating disorders

Question 1

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 1

Sex: ♀ > ♂ (10:1)
Peak age: 10–25 years of age
The etiology of anorexia nervosa is multifactorial
Neurobiological factors: a disorder of the endogenous reward system (Weight loss and fasting can lead to an addiction-like sense of satisfaction.)
Psychiatric factors: associated with OCD, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders
Psychosocial factors: High-pressure careers and sports (e.g., modeling, ballet, gymnastics, wrestling )
Unrealistic standards of beauty

Question 2

Anorexia nervosa features

Answer 2

Significant deliberate reduction in body mass (as measured by BMI) using strategies that include restrictive eating, purging, and excessive exercise.

Fear of weight gain

Body image disturbance. Lack of awareness of the seriousness of low body weight

Mild, moderate, severe, extreme

Question 3

Anorexia nervosa diagnostics

Answer 3

BMI < 18.5

Electrolyte imbalances: ↓ potassium, ↓ sodium, ↓ chloride, ↓ phosphate, ↓ magnesium, ↑ bicarbonate (metabolic alkalosis)

Question 4

BMI in bulimia?

Answer 4

Normal or elevated

Question 5

Binge eating features

Answer 5

Eating faster than normal
Eating until uncomfortably full
Eating large amounts when not hungry
Eating alone because of embarrassment regarding eating habits
Feeling of disgust and/or guilt after eating
Symptoms manifest at least 1/week for 3 months

Often associated with hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease