Diabetes

Question 1

main complications of diabetes

Answer 1

Heart disease, stroke, and hypertension; blindness; kidney disease; nervous system disorders; amputation; and pregnancy problems

Question 2

Define Type 1 diabetes

Answer 2

Type 1 is the result of an autoimmune response that triggers the destruction of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas and results in an absolute insulin deficiency.

Question 3

Which type of diabetes is much more common, has a strong genetic component as well as a significant association with obesity and sedentary lifestyles.

Answer 3

DM2

Question 4

Define Type 2 DM

Answer 4

characterized by insulin resistance (insufficient response of peripheral cells to insulin) and pancreatic β cell dysfunction (impaired insulin secretion), resulting in relative insulin deficiency.

Question 5

Complications associated with chronic hyperglycemia

Answer 5

cardiovascular, renal, retinal, and neurological complications.

Question 6

Function of insulin

Answer 6

Carbohydrate metabolism: Lowers blood glucose level
Protein metabolism: stimulates protein synthesis Stimulates amino acid uptake into cells; inhibits proteolysis
Lipid metabolism: maintains a fat depot and has an antiketogenic effect
Electrolyte regulation: stimulates intracellular potassium accumulation

Question 7

Normal fasting blood glucose?

Answer 7

A fasting blood sugar level less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) is normal. A fasting blood sugar level from 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) is considered prediabetes. If it’s 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher on two separate tests, you have diabetes.