Park ( from section 4 listening) Flashcards
define
verb
to explain something
explain; Can you explain that again?
clarify; Let me just clarify what I mean here.
define; Your responsibilities are clearly defined in the contract.
set out; Your contract will set out the terms of your employment.
set forth; The terms of the statute are set forth in Section I, Article 3.
spell out; They sent me a letter spelling out the details of the agreement.
clarify
verb
answer
“Thank you”, she answered.
reply
The man replied that something was missing.
respond
We aim to respond to all enquiries within five working days.
react
He reacted positively to the proposal.
get back to
I’ll look into it and get back to you.
explain
“What happened?” she asked. - “There’s no time to explain!” he said.
retort
“Why should I have to?”, she retorted.
rejoin formal
“Time enough for my boss to give me my marching orders”, she huffily rejoined.
acknowledge
We will acknowledge your application by email or text.
set out
verb
arrange
The books are arranged in alphabetical order.
order
The names are ordered alphabetically.
sort
Ten million pieces of mail are sorted every day.
organize
He liked to organize his herbs and spices alphabetically in the cabinet.
lay out
He laid the playing cards out in a precise circle.
set forth
verb
explain
Can you explain that again?
clarify
Let me just clarify what I mean here.
define
Your responsibilities are clearly defined in the contract.
set out
Your contract will set out the terms of your employment.
spell out
They sent me a letter spelling out the details of the agreement.
account for formal
Can you account for your actions on the night of 13 May?
spell out
verb
explain
Can you explain that again?
clarify
Let me just clarify what I mean here.
define
Your responsibilities are clearly defined in the contract.
set out
Your contract will set out the terms of your employment.
set forth formal
The terms of the statute are set forth in Section I, Article 3.
account for formal
Can you account for your actions on the night of 13 May?
semi-
half or partly: semi-literate semiconscious semi-permanent semi-skilled workers a semi-autobiographical novel
bush
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/bush?q=bushes
reserve
verb
to keep something for a particular purpose or time:
=I reserve Mondays for tidying my desk and answering letters.
=These seats are reserved for the elderly and women with babies.
=I reserve judgment on this issue (= I won’t give an opinion on it now) until we have more information.
regulation
noun
an official rule or the act of controlling something:
=safety/health/traffic/fire/security regulations
=The correct procedure is laid down in the rules and regulations.
=government regulation of inflation
adj
according to the rules or the usual way of doing things:
=businessmen in their regulation pinstripe suits
=It’s regulation to wear suits at the office.
=a regulation football pitch
syn: noun managing, organizing; adjustment arrangement control governance management settlement supervision
noun rule, requirement; code decree law order principle procedure statute
facility
noun
a place, especially including buildings, where a particular activity happens:
=a nuclear research facility
=a military facility
=a new sports facility
an ability to do something easily or well:
=His facility for languages is astonishing.
a feature of a product that allows you to do something:
=a computer with a speech recognition facility
=UK He asked the bank to increase his overdraft facility.
syn: noun ease; ability; noun convenience; accommodation amenity equipment material resource tool
ease
verb
to make or become less severe, difficult, unpleasant, painful, etc.:
=To ease the problem of overcrowding, new prisons will be built.
=These pills should ease the pain.
=After the arrival of the United Nations soldiers, tension in the area began to ease.
to move or to make something move slowly and carefully in a particular direction or into a particular position:
=She eased the key into the lock, anxious not to wake anyone.
=I eased myself out of the chair.
pest
noun
an insect or small animal that is harmful or damages crops:
=common pests such as rats, mice, or cockroaches
someone or something that annoys you
annoyance; The café was cash only, which was a minor annoyance as I only had my credit card with me.
nuisance; It’s a nuisance to have to drive to the nearest shop.
inconvenience; Thank you for holding - we apologize for the inconvenience.
irritation; The CEO’s poor communication skills became a source of irritation to the company’s investors.
irritant; The noise of the building work is a constant irritant.
bore; It’s such a bore to have to pack everything up again.
maintain
verb
to continue to have; to keep in existence, or not allow to become less:
=The army has been brought in to maintain order in the region.
=We have standards to maintain.
=Despite living in different countries, the two families have maintained close links.
=The film has maintained its position as the critics’ favourite for another year.
to keep a road, machine, building, etc. in good condition:
to express firmly your belief that something is true:
syn: verb care for, keep up; continue control cultivate finance keep manage preserve protect provide renew retain support sustain uphold
verb assert, claim; argue for; advocate declare defend emphasize hold insist say stress uphold
showcase
a container with glass sides in which valuable or important objects are kept so that they can be looked at without being touched, damaged, or stolen
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/showcase?q=showcases+
botanic garden
noun
a garden, usually open to the public, where a wide range of plants are grown for scientific and educational purposes
contrast
noun
an obvious difference between two or more things:/a difference
difference; What’s the difference between the two cars?
distinction; There’s a clear distinction between the two countries’ cultures.
contrast; I like the contrast of those red shoes with your black suit.
discrepancy; There is some discrepancy between the two accounts.
chasm; There is a widening chasm between public health officials and popular opinion.
gulf; Peace talks attempted to bridge the gulf between the two warring nations.
=I like the contrast of the white trousers with the black jacket.
=The antique furnishing provides an unusual contrast to the modernity of the building.
=There’s a marked contrast between his character and hers.
=Their economy has expanded, while ours, by/in contrast, has declined.
=The amount spent on defence is in stark/sharp (= in very noticeable) contrast to that spent on housing and health.
=I love his use of contrast (= strong differences between light and darkness) in his later photographs.
designate
verb
to choose someone officially to do a particular job:
Traditionally, the president designates his or her successor.
=Thompson has been designated (as/to be) team captain.
=[ + to infinitive ] She has been designated to organize the meeting.
to say officially that a place or thing has a particular character or purpose:
=This area of the park has been specially designated for children.
They officially designated the area (as) unsuitable for human habitation.
syn:
verb name, entitle;
label
nominate
verb specify as selection; allocate allot appoint appropriate assign authorize choose define describe earmark elect mark name nominate set aside stipulate
wilderness
noun
an area of land that has not been used to grow crops or had towns and roads built on it, especially because it is difficult to live in as a result of its extremely cold or hot weather or bad earth:
syn: noun forest; back country desert forest jungle outback wasteland
undisturbed
adj
not interrupted or changed in any way:
=eight hours of undisturbed sleep
preserve
verb
to keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from decaying or being damaged or destroyed:
=to preserve the environment
=We want to preserve the character of the town while improving the facilities.
=The agreement preserved our right to limit trade in endangered species.
=Putting varnish on wood is a way of preserving it.
=I need to get out of the house from time to time just to preserve (= prevent me from losing) my sanity.
syn: verb care for, maintain; continue; conserve defend freeze keep perpetuate protect retain safeguard save secure store sustain uphold
urban
adj
of or in a city or town:
=the urban sprawl of South Florida
=The council is committed to a programme of urban regeneration.
=Pollution has reached disturbingly high levels in some urban areas.
=The speaker gave an interesting presentation on urban transport.
=The speed limit is strictly enforced on urban roads.
syn: adj. city; civic civil downtown metropolitan
certainly
adv
used to reply completely or to emphasize something and show that there is no doubt about it:
=She certainly had a friend called Mark, but I don’t know whether he was her boyfriend.
=”This is rather a difficult question.” “Yes, it’s certainly not easy.”
=”Do you think more money should be given to education?” “Certainly!”
=”Had you forgotten about our anniversary?” “Certainly not! I’ve reserved a table at Michel’s restaurant for this evening.”
syn: adv. without doubt; absolutely assuredly exactly surely
extensive
adj
covering a large area; having a great range:
=a school with extensive grounds
=extensive repairs to the motorway
=Her knowledge of music is extensive (= she knows a lot about music).
=The wedding received extensive coverage in the newspapers (= it was written about a lot).
greater than the average size or amount
big; They live in a big house in the country.
large; A large number of people were crowded into the room.
great; The party was a great success.
enormous; They bought an enormous house in the suburbs.
synonyms
across-the-board
blanket
dank
adj
(especially of buildings and air) wet, cold, and unpleasant:
=a dank, dark cellar
=In the cathedral vaults the air was dank and stale.
syn: adj. clammy; chilly damp humid muggy steamy sticky wet
clammy
adj sticky and slightly wet in an unpleasant way: =My hands felt all clammy. =It was a hot, clammy day. syn: dank
fatal
adj
A fatal illness, accident, etc. causes death:
=This illness is fatal in almost all cases.
=the fatal shooting of an unarmed 15-year-old
syn: adj. deadly, lethal; calamitous cataclysmic catastrophic destructive disastrous fateful incurable inevitable malignant mortal poisonous ruinous virulent
adj. critical, very important; crucial decisive fateful inevitable
threaten
verb
to tell someone that you will kill or hurt them or cause problems if they do not do what you want:
=They threatened the shopkeeper with a gun.
=[ + to infinitive ] They threatened to kill him unless he did as they asked.
syn: verb warn, pressure; intimidate menace scare verb endanger; imperil jeopardize warn
intrude
verb
to go into a place or situation in which you are not wanted or not expected to be:
=I didn’t realize your husband was here, Dr Jones - I hope I’m not intruding.
=Newspaper editors are being urged not to intrude on/into the grief of the families of missing servicemen.
deforestation
noun
the cutting down of trees in a large area, or the destruction of forests by people:
advent
noun
the fact of an event happening, an invention being made, or a person arriving:
=Life was transformed by the advent of the steam engine.
noun beginning or arrival of something anticipated;
arrival
coming
onset
the populace
noun
the ordinary people who live in a particular country or place:
Some studies show that workers in the nuclear industry are more likely than the general populace to get cancer.
excursion
noun
a short journey usually made for pleasure, often by a group of people:
This year’s annual excursion will be to Lincoln.
Next week we’re going on an excursion.
syn: noun journey; cruise expedition jaunt junket outing picnic round trip safari tour trek trip
suppose
verb
to believe someone or something
=[ + (that) ] Dan didn’t answer his phone, so I suppose (that) he’s busy.
=He found it a lot more difficult to get a job than he supposed it would be.
=[ + (that) ] Do you suppose (that) Gillian will marry him?
=It is widely supposed (that) the CEO will be forced to resign.
=[ + to infinitive ] We all supposed him to be German, but in fact he was Swiss.
=Her new book is supposed to be (= generally people think it is) very good.
believe; Can we believe a word of what this man says?
accept; Most people accept what the newspapers say as being correct.
credit; UK It’s hard to credit that she’s 87.
swallow; I personally find it hard to swallow the official narrative.
buy; When it comes to global warming, he doesn’t buy it, and is out to discredit the whole theory.
forecast
noun
a statement of what is judged likely to happen in the future, especially in connection with a particular situation, or the expected weather conditions:
verb
to say what you expect to happen in the future:
Synonym
prognosis
portend (formal)
presage (formal)
swoop
verb
to move very quickly and easily through the air, especially down from a high position in order to attack:
syn: verb descend quickly; dive plummet pounce
impressive
adj
If an object or achievement is impressive, you admire or respect it, usually because it is special, important, or very large:
=That was an impressive performance from such a young tennis player.
=an impressive collection of modern paintings
=There are some very impressive buildings in the town.
catered
adj
a catered event or place to stay is one where food and drink is provided:
=a catered lunch/dinner/event He treats employees to a monthly catered lunch, during which they learn about the company’s line of 350 herbal products.
=Students pay £3895 a year for standard, catered accommodation.
shame
If something is described as a shame, it is disappointing or not satisfactory:
=[ + that ] It’s a (great/real) shame that the event had to be cancelled.
[ + to infinitive ] Have some more vegetables - it would be a shame to waste them.
“Douglas had to miss the school concert because he was ill.” “Oh, what a shame/that’s a shame!”
regard
verb
to consider or have an opinion about something or someone:
=Environmentalists regard GM technology with suspicion.
=Her parents always regarded her as the smartest of their children.
=He is generally/widely regarded as the father of international law.
breakdown
noun
a failure to work or be successful:
=The breakdown in negotiations will be seen as a step backwards.
=Some children were well brought up, despite family breakdown, he admitted.
=An immediate effect of the war was a breakdown of law and order.
=He warned that the breakdown of the family unit would lead to an impoverished society.
the trauma of marriage breakdown
syn: noun nervous collapse; disintegration disruption failure mishap
noun account of finances or other business;
constitute
verb
to be or be considered as something:
=The long-term unemployed now constitute a sort of underclass.
=The publishers claim that the book constitutes ‘the first sequential exposition of events and thus of the history of the revolution’.
=The takeover of the embassy constitutes a blatant violation of international law.
=They felt that our discussions with other companies constituted a breach of our agreement.
=Her refusal to sell the house constituted a major blow to our plans.
nicely
adverb
well, pleasantly, or in a satisfactory way:
The children spoke to us very nicely. He always dresses very nicely. The room was decorated very nicely. We were nicely full after the meal. The letter was very nicely worded.
syn: adv.in a welcome manner; admirably attractively beautifully finely happily perfectly pleasantly
adv. carefully
accurately
correctly
proportion
the number or amount of a group or part of something when compared to the whole:
Children make up a large proportion of the world’s population.
A higher proportion of men are willing to share household responsibilities than used to be the case.
The report shows that poor families spend a larger proportion of their income on food.
syn: noun relative amount, size of part to whole; bulk capacity dimension distribution fraction magnitude percentage portion rate ratio scale scope share volume
satisfactory
adj
good or good enough for a particular need or purpose:
=The teachers seem to think his work is satisfactory.
We hope very much to find a satisfactory solution to the problem.
The outcome of the discussion was highly satisfactory (= very pleasing).
Synonym
acceptable
acceptable; Your essay was acceptable, but I think you could have done better.
reasonable; They have a reasonable chance of winning.
adequate; The law provides adequate compensation for robbery victims.
passable; I speak passable Spanish.
will do; It’s not perfect, but it’ll do.
specialize
verb
to study or work on a particular subject or skill more than any others, so that you become an expert in it:
syn:
verb concentrate on specific area;
train
hustle
verb
to make someone move quickly by pushing or pulling them along:
noun
energetic action:
syn:
verb hurry; work hurriedly;
bustle
verb
to do things in a hurried and busy way:
