Parenteral Administration -02/03 Flashcards
Learning Objectives -List 7 different sites of parenteral administration -Explain why each site is used -Describe how each technique is performed -Identify some common concerns that can occur with injection sites
List the 7 parenteral sites
-Intradermal (ID)
-Subcutaneous (SQ)
-Intramuscular (IM)
-Intravenous (IV)
-Intraosseous (IO)
-Epidural
-Intraperitoneal (IP)
PA = ?
Parenteral Administration
ID injections - PA
Skin is held but taut between the thumb & forefinger
What number blade is the flur clipped with for an ID injection - PA
40 - skin is wiped carefully with a moistened gauze
What gauge needle is used for ID injections - PA
25-27-gauge neddle attached to a syringe
At what angle are ID injections given at - PA
10 degree angle, with the bevel up, until the bevel disappears into the dermis & inject solution
T or F: injection site sarcoma should be considered when selecting an injection site (SQ)
true
T or F: the bevel should be facing upwards when inserting the needle into the base of the ‘tent’ (SQ)
true
T or F: IM injections are appropriate for administering small volumes of drugs
true
What gauge needle is used for IM injections
22-25 gauge needle
how many cm is the needle inserted into the epaxial muscle for IM injections
1-2 cm, pointing slightly away from the spine
T or F: for IM injections the solution should be given at a slow to moderate rate
true
how should we administer IM injections in the semimembranosus/semitendinosus sites
needle should be inserted bevel up, into the muscle, aimain caudally, injection should be done at a moderate pace
how should we administer IM injections at the quadricep site
needle should be inserted bevel up, into the muscle at a perpendivular angle, solution should be injected at a moderate pace
T or F: large volumes can be administer over a short time for IV injections
true
T or F: with IV injections we can administer caustic, irritating, & hypertonic solutions safely
true
What equipement is typically needed for IV injections
syringe & needle, winged infusion set, catheter
Common sites & their restraint methods for IV injections
-Cephalic vein (sternal or sitting recumbency)
-Medial saphenous vein (lateral recumbency)
-Lateral saphenous vein (standing)
T or F: alcohol should be used to aid in visualization of the vein
true
how should we administer IV injections
the needle is inserted bevel up into vein until a “flash” of blood is noted in the hub of the needle (while aspirating we WANT to see blood flow into the hub of the needle)
What should we do after an IV injection?
apply firm pressure to the site for a few minutes after the needle has been withdrawn
T or F: medications & fluids can be delivered into the bone through IO (intraosseous) injection
true
what type of patients would we give IO injections to
-Neonates
-Circulatory collapse
-Small patients
T or F: IO injections allow for rapid absorption
true
Common sites used for IO injections
-Femur - trochanteric fossa
-Tibial tuberosity
-Humerus - greater tubercle
-Illiac wing or ischium
what is the purpose of epidural injections
analgesic & anesthetic injections
What do epidural injections provide
analgesia & muscle relaxation caudal to the black while minimizing sedative effects
where are epidural injections commonly given
in the lumbosarcal junction (L7 - S1)
T or F: epidurals can rude the pain associated with vaginal manipulation & decrease the force of contractions
true
T or F: epidural catheters can be placed for long-term anelgesic adminstration
true
what is the peritoneal space
the abdominal cavity
when are IP injections given
used in neonates when IV or IO access is difficult
IP injections are usually used for what
peritoneal lavage (peritonitis or pancreatitis)
T or F: absorption with IP injections are more rapid than SQ
true - still the least desirable method
what gauge needle or catheter is used for IP injections
18-22 gauge needle or cathered
how are IP injections given
the needle or catheter is inserted into the abdominal cavity, a few cm caudal to the umbilicus
