Intro to the Veterinary Practice Laboratory - 09

Question 1

why are laboratory procedures important

Answer 1

they help
us diagnose, track the course of diseases, & offer prognoses to clients

Question 2

list 4 general considerations for lab design

Answer 2

-Located in an area that is separate from other hospital operations
-Large enough to accommodate equipment and personnel comfortably
-Room temperature and draft-free
-Lab sink ( should include sink, storage space, electric supply & internet access)

Question 3

what does a sink provide in a lab space

Answer 3

a space to:
-rinse
-drain
-stain speimens & reagents
-discard fluids

Question 4

why is storage space important

Answer 4

it should allow an adequate amount of space for all supplies to decrease clutter on lab counters

Question 5

where should necessary supplies be stored

Answer 5

they should be stored near the equipement that utilizes them (cytology supplies in one drawer/cabinet near a microscope)

Question 6

T or F: if you want, you can store food/drinks in lab fridges

Answer 6

false - lab fridges are for samples & supplies ONLY

Question 7

T or F: we should label all drawers & cabinets accordingly

Answer 7

true

Question 8

T or F: Photographic evidence such as microscopic images of blood and urine may
be sent as email attachments to reference labs for diagnostic assistance

Answer 8

true

Question 9

list 6 things that all labs should have to follow lab safety

Answer 9

eyewash stations
fire extinguishers
spill clean-up kits
hazardous/biohazardous waste disposal containers
protective gloves

Question 10

list 7 common lab equipement you can find in a veterinary hospital

Answer 10

-microscope
-centrifuge
-refractometer
-chemistry analyzers
-hematology analyzers
-incubators
-pipettes

Question 11

what can we use microscopes to evaluate?

Answer 11

-blood
-bacteria
-urine
-feces
-various forms of cytology
-external/internal parasites

Question 12

T or F: Everything viewed through a microscope is upside down & backwards to
how it is represented on the physical slide

Answer 12

true

Question 13

T or F: microscopes kept near centrifuges are near impossible to view a sample through d/t the vibrations of the centrifuge

Answer 13

true

Question 14

what is a centrifuge used for

Answer 14

it’s a machine used to separate substances of different densities that are in one solution (blood or urine)

Question 15

how does a centrifuge separate substances of different densities in one solution

Answer 15

by spinning samples in circular motions at a very, very high speed

Question 16

T or F: solid/larger components of the samples are spun to the bottom of the sample tube (centrifuges)

Answer 16

true

Question 17

what is the liquid upper portion of the sample called? (centrifuges)

Answer 17

supernatant

Question 18

what is the solid/larger lower portion of the sample called? (centrifuges)

Answer 18

sediment

Question 19

T or F: supernatant & sediment can both be examined

Answer 19

true

Question 20

why should all samples be evenly balanced in a centrifuge

Answer 20

to prevent wobbling or sample loss during operation

Question 21

why should we clean centrifuges immediately after spilled samples

Answer 21

the residue (build up &) damage the machine

Question 22

what is the purpose of a refractometer

Answer 22

measures the refractive index of a solution (how the light
bends as it passes through one medium then another (air then urine)

Question 23

T or F: refractometers will show us the density of a concentration of a substance

Answer 23

true

Question 24

Refractometers are calibrated to read distilled water at a _____ ________ ______

Answer 24

zero refractice index

Question 25

why would we use a refractometer

Answer 25

to show us the urine concentration, & total protein (TP) content in blood samples

Question 26

how do chemistry analyzers work

Answer 26

by using photometry &/or
electrochemical methods to quantify the constituents found in the blood

Question 27

T or F: Photometry measures the amount of light that passes through a solution

Answer 27

true

Question 28

T or F: Electrochemical methods are primarily used to evaluate electrolytes

Answer 28

true

Question 29

what are the 4 things chem. analyzers can run

Answer 29

-serum
-plasma
-whole blood
-urine samples

Question 30

how do impedance analyzers work (hematology analyzer)

Answer 30

Counts the number of RBC in the
sample, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, & mean corpuscular
hemoglobin concentration (MCHC

Question 31

how do laser-based analyzers work (hematology analyzer)

Answer 31

Measures cell density, can differentiate between
nuclei & the presence or absence of granules. This is used to count the
number of monocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes and erythrocytes

Question 32

T or F: some impedance analyzers can provide a partial WBC count

Answer 32

true

Question 33

what is a SNAP reader

Answer 33

Digital imaging machine that records &
interprets the response of enzymes on the
surface of a SNAP test

Question 34

what is a Sedivue

Answer 34

Analyzer that evaluates urine of feline and
canine patients

Question 35

what size sample does the Sedivue need to run a complete analysis

Answer 35

165uL

Question 36

a sedivue can idenify how many commonly found elements in urine

Answer 36

13

Question 37

how many images of a sample does the sedivue take

Answer 37

up to 75 images for personnel to review

Question 38

T or F: incubators must be able to sustain a constant temp of 37c (98.6f) & should always be fitted with a thermometer

Answer 38

true