Parathyroid disease Flashcards
1
Q
What are the parathyroid glands derived from embryologically?
A
Superior pair - 4th branchial pouch
Inferior pair - 3rd branchial pouch
2
Q
Which pair of parathyroid glands position is variable and why?
A
Inferior because they migrate further
3
Q
Name symptoms of hypoparathyroidism
A
Hypocalcemia!
Chvostek sign Trousseau sign Tetanic muscle spasm Coma Convulsions Death
4
Q
What is the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism?
A
Thyroidectomy
5
Q
Name causes of hyperparathyroidism
A
Parathyroid adenoma (most common) Parathyroid hyperplasia - chronic renal failure - short bowel syndrome - MEN syndrome
6
Q
Name the symptoms of hypercalcemia
A
Stones, bones, moans and groans
7
Q
What is calcium normally bound to?
A
Albumin
8
Q
Name blood findings in primary hyperparathyroidism
A
Increased serum calcium
Increased PTH
Decreased phosphate
Increased urinary calcium excretion
9
Q
How can parathyroid glands be localized for surgery?
A
MIBI radioisotope
