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Parasitology > Parasitology - Lecture 14 (Cestodes) > Flashcards

Parasitology - Lecture 14 (Cestodes) Flashcards

1
Q

When considering Helmniths, discuss the general breakdown of them into the different categories

A
  • Helminths is broken down into PLayhelminths (flatwiorms) and meatodes (roundworms)
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2
Q

Discuss the moprhology of cestodes

A
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3
Q

Againm, discuss the moprhology of cestodes in terms of the proglottid and scolex

A
  • view picture
  • each segemnt has both male and female reproductive organs
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4
Q

There are two major classifications of cestodes in vte med: discuss these

A

1) Cyclophyllidea includrs Dipylidium caninum, Taenia sp, and Echinococcus spp; this group is much more comon
2) Psedupphyllidea –> includes Diphyllobothrium sp, Spirometra sp,

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5
Q

Discuss the general life cycle of Cycllophillidean spp

A
  • Adult tapeworms are in carnivore (dog/cat/human) small intestine
  • Individual eggs or whole proglottids are shed in feces
  • Eggs/proglottids eaten by the intermediate host
  • Intermediate stages develop such as cysticeroid, cysticerucus, strobilocercus or hyatid cyst
  • Intermedoiarte host eaten by definitive host
  • Adults develo in the defintive hosts small intestine
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6
Q

Discuss thr cyclophyllidean intermediate stages

A
  • Larval stages of cesrtodes are unique, usually do not resemble adult tapeworms, often shaped like tiny balloons
    • Dipylidum -> Cysticeroid
  • Taenia psiformis (dogs) –> Cysticercus –> fluid filled cyst with one scolex
  • Taenia taeniaformis (cats) –> Strobilocercus –> looks like a tiny tapeworm
  • Echinocccus –> Hyatid cyst –> fluid filled cyst with many scolices
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7
Q

Discuss the life ycle of Cyclophyllidean in general

A
  • ## Often there is a predator prey relationship between the definitive host and the intermediate host
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8
Q

Discuss th eclinical signs and treatment of Cyclphyllidean spp

A
  • Clinical signs –> 1) usually the intermediate stage of the tapeworm is the pathogenic stage 2) adult tapeworms tend to cause mild intestinal lesions

Treatment: ) Praziquantel 2) fenbendazole

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9
Q

Discuss Dipylidium caninum

A

– the most common tapewomr of dogs and cats in many parts of the US
Lifecycle:
- Infected dog or cat sheds proglottids
- Eggs in proglottid eaten by fleas
- Cysticercoid develops in the flea
- Dog (or cat or human) eats flea
- Cysticercoid in the flea develops into an adult tapeworm in intestine

Also: whole proglottids are shged and crawl around anus or foudn in poop

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10
Q

Discuss the main points of clinical signs, treatment, and prevention for Dipylidum caninum

A
  • Diagnosis: eggs will not be detected by fecal float
  • Treatment: praziquantel
  • Prevention: control the flea

Zoonotic potential: Humans become infected with the adult tapeworm if they accidentally ingest an infected flea

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11
Q

Discuss the basics of Taenia Psiformis life cycle and just general info

A
  • common tapeworm of dogs
  • Found worldwide

Life cycle:
- Infected dog sheds proglottids and/or eggs
- Proglottid/egg is eatemn by a rabit
- Cysticercus develops in rabbit liver
- Dog eats rabbit
- Cysticercus from the adult rabbit develops into an adult tapeworm in dog intestine

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12
Q

Discuss Taenia psiformis in terms of clinical signs, diagnossi, and treatment

A
  • Diagnosis: 1) Fecal float –> eggs may be shed 2) segemnts crawling around the anus

Treatment: 1) praziquantel 2) Fenbendazole

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13
Q

Discuss Taenia Taeniaofrmis

A
  • Common tapeworm of cats

Lifecycle:
- infected cat sheds proglottids/eggs
- proglottid is aten by mouse
- Strobilocercus develops in the mouse liver
- Cat eats mouse
- Strobilocercus from mouse develops into adult tapeworm in cat intestine

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14
Q

Discuss the Echinococcus species

A

Echincoccus spoecies includes: 1) echincoccus Granulosus and 2) Echinococcus multiocularis

  • adult worms are very small and are rarely seen
  • ## important zoonotic potential
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15
Q

Discuss the Echinoccous Lifecycle

A
  • infected dog sheds eggs
  • Eggs are eaten by intermediate host: many ammmals - sheep/humans/pigs/hoats
  • **hyatid cuyst ** develops in the intermediate host
  • Dog eats intermediate host
  • Ingested hyatid cyst develops into m,any adult tapewormns

-

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16
Q

Discuss more of the specifics when it comes to Echinococcus granulosus and Echincoccus Multiocularis

A

Echincoccus Granulosus:
- Hyatid cyst –> usually in sheep lung and liver, can be naywhere (uniocular and noninfiltrative)
- Can cause pressure atrophy in tissues
- Rptured cysts can result in allergic repsonses

Echinoccus Multiocularis;
- Curculates primarily in iwld canids – mostly in foxes
- Intermediate host: rodents, other mamals including humans
- The hyatid cyst is multiocular and invasive

17
Q

Discuss the clinical signs, treatnment, and diagnosis for the Echinococcus soecies

A
  • adult tapeworm is asymtpoamtic in dogs: importance is that dogs are the soruce of the eggs
  • Diagnosis: fecal float to identift eggs; eggs are indistinguishable from Taenia
  • Treatment: praziwuantel and Fenbendazole
18
Q

Discuss prevention and controkl for the Echincoccus species

A
  • Break the cycle
  • Treat all dogs in endemic areas
  • ## Practice good hyguene to prevent infestation
19
Q

Discuss the species invovled in the class of cestodes knonwnas Pseudophyllidea

A
  • Diphyllobothrium sp
  • Spirometra sp
20
Q

Discuss the differences between Pseudophyllideans and Cyclophyllidean tapeworms

A

Differences from cyclophyllidean tapeworms:
- 1) No hooks or sucker on scolex –> just grooves called bothria
- Eggs loook like fluke eggs
- single, central genital pore
- Requires two intermediate hosts

21
Q

Discuss the Pseudophyllidean life cycle in genral terms

A

Two intermediate host required:

22
Q

Discuss the main points for the both of the Pseudophyllidean species

A

Diphyllobothrium:
- 1st intermediate host –> cope pod
- 2nd intermediate host –> fish
- Definitive hosts: carnivores such as dogs, cats, bears, humans, etc

Spirometra:
- 1st intermediate host –> cope pod
- 2 intermediate hosts –> any vertebrate except fish (especially snbakes)
- Definitive hosts: cats dogs, racoons

23
Q

Discuss Spirometra species in terms of Proliferative Sparganosis

A
  • if a dog or cat consumes the copepod, they become an accidental 2nd intermediate host
  • The larva (spargana) reproduce asexually and develop in all tissues
  • very rare
  • no effective treatment
24
Q

Discuss Diphyllobothrium in terms of lcinical signs,m diagnosi, tretament,

A
  • Infection with the adult tapeworm
  • Clinical signs: diahhrea, weight loss, and vmoiting
  • Diagnosis: fecal float to idewntify eggs; fecal sedimentation
  • Treatment: Praziquantel –> high off label dose required

Parasitology (20 decks)

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