Parasitology --> Exam 1 Lecture 4 Flashcards
- **Musca ** domestica –> house fly
- **Musca ** autmnalis –> face fly
- Fannia scalris - latrine fly
Discuss the life cycle and effects on host, clinical signs, and diagnosis for filth flies
Effects on host:
- Adults feed on secretions from eyes, nose, mouth (annoys cattle and horses and distracts from feed intake); disease transmision
Discuss filth flies: disease transmission (the basics)
- Mechanical transmission from the filth and betwen animals ot mucous membranes and feed
sticky feet –> bacteria, helminths
Discuss Filth flies: Mechanical Bacteria Transmission
**Pink eye ** caused by bacterium Moraxella bovis
causes corneal ulceration and conjunctivitis - pain, blepharospasm, ocular discharge, redness, swelling
Discuss filth flies: biological helminth transmission
also discuss Adult flies infected with these nematodes
Mucosa vectors horse stomach worms drachia and Habronema
Discuss the horse part of filth flies: biological helmonth transmission
Discuss summer sores in relation to filth flies
and what is the proper name fo rthid worm
Summer sores:
- **Draschia/habronema larvae ** migrate in wound as long as it is moist
- Pruritis and inflammatory reaction to migrating larva > non healing store
- If in the eye, laervae will cause conjunctivitis, sometimes leading to ulceration
Thelazia sp –> the eye worm
Discuss filth flies in terms of prevention and control
- Clean poop out regularly
- mechanically prevent flies from contacting animals
Prevention and control: insecticides
- directly applied to/on animals –> pyrethrins, organophosphates, macrocyclic lactones
- **in feed –> insect growth regulatoprs (methoprene)
- Fly baits
What are all of the different biting flies?
- Haematobia –> horn fly
- Stomoxys –> stable fly
- Tabenus –> horse fly
- Melophagus –> sheep ked
- Mosquitoes __> culex, Aedes, Anopheles
- Culicoides –> biting midges
- Simulium –> blackflies
What is the proper name of the horn fly (biting flies)
- Haematobia )Horn fly)
- this is a tiny fly that likes to live on the backs of cattle
Discuss disease transmission for the biting fly known as the horny fly
Effects on host: anemai –> tiny, but numeroius
- Biologically transmists stephanofilaria worm
- the worm lives in the subcutis on the ventral midline of the cattle > dermatitiss
Discuss the prevention and control for the biting fly knonw as the horny fly
- clean up or spread out feces to control immature stages –> eggs need moist feces to hatcj
- insecticides to control adult flies: directly applied to/on animals
- pyrethrins; organophosphates; macrocyclic lactones
in feed –> insect growth regulators (methoprene)
Regarding biting flies, discuss the stable fly (its life cycle and proper name)
- Fly likes to live on the klegs of catle
- ## Stomoxys (the stable fly)
Discuss the diagnosis and mointoring for the stable fly
- The flies **do NOT stay on the host ** and can fly great distances
- MOnitor stomoxys population by counting flies on the front legs of the cattle: more than 10 indicates a productive breeding area nearby
Discuss the effects on host and the prevention and control for the stable fly
- irritation –> excessive foot stomping
- anemia
- disase transmission: Draschia/habronema summer sores
In regards to the stable fly, discuss the prevntion and cntrol for it
- Eliminate moist, decaying breeding grounds
- Insecticides: directly applied to animal – not as good
- enviornmental inseciticde application and fly traps
what is the name of the biting fly for horses
- Biting flies: Tabanus (horse fly)
For the horse fly, discuss its lifecycle and effects on the host
also discuss preventin and control for this fly
- painful bites - worry, irritation
- Diusease transmission:
- Mechanical –> blood borne pathogens: equine infectious anemia virus
- Biological –> Elaeophora (filaride worm of blood vessels) - Prevtnion and control:
- very difficult; drain wet areas if possible
What is the name of the wingless fly? discus the host, and orevtnion and controls its lifecycle; effects on
- Sheep Ked –> Melophagus ovinus
- Effects on host: intestenly irritating (damages the wool), missing info
- ## Prevention and control: Easily eliminated; shearing followed by organophosphates or pyrethrins
Discuss the 3 main genera of mosquites and discuss the mosquito lifecycle. Also discuss the effects on host and disease transmission along with any other basic info
- 3 main genera: Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex
- Effetcs on host: anemia frmom blood loss;l Exsanginuation has been rpeorted
- Disease transmission: Heartworm; malaria, west nile viorus, rift valley fever
Discuss the Culicoides life cycle and the name for this type of bug
Also discuss disease transmision for this
- Culicoides: Biting midges, No-see-ums
- Disease transmission:
- Bluetomgue virus and epizootic hemmorhagic disease
- Haemoproteus - avaian hemoprotozoan
- Onchocerca - filarid nematode
- African Horse sickness
Discuss The effects on host along with prevntion and control for culicoides: biting midges, no see-ums
- Hypersensitivty reactions: sweet itch in horses
- Usually seen around tail, mane and poll region (alopecia; crusting of skin, inflammation, pruritis)
Prevention and control: 1) eliminate breeding areas if possible 2) Keep flies away from animals 3) Permethrin stab;e sprays
Discuss the proper name of black flies and also discuss th elifecycle
also discuss the disease transmission and damage to the host and prevention and control
- Simulium –> Black flies
- Onchocerca –> filarid worms in skin and connective tissue of horses and cattle
- horses and cattle: nonpathogenic
- Humans - causes river blindness in tropical areas - Leukocytozoon –> hemoprotozoan simil;ar to malaria in birds
Damage to the host: Hypersensitiivty reactions: similasr to Culicoides
Prevention and control:
- eliminate breeding areas
- stable animals during the day when swarms appear
- Repellants (pyrethrins may help)
