Parasitology --> Exam 1 Lecture 4

Question 1

Regarding filth flies, what species does this involve

Answer 1

• **Musca ** domestica –> house fly
• **Musca ** autmnalis –> face fly
• Fannia scalris - latrine fly

Question 2

Discuss the life cycle and effects on host, clinical signs, and diagnosis for filth flies

Answer 2

Effects on host:
- Adults feed on secretions from eyes, nose, mouth (annoys cattle and horses and distracts from feed intake); disease transmision

Question 3

Discuss filth flies: disease transmission (the basics)

Answer 3

• Mechanical transmission from the filth and betwen animals ot mucous membranes and feed

sticky feet –> bacteria, helminths

Question 4

Discuss Filth flies: Mechanical Bacteria Transmission

Answer 4

**Pink eye ** caused by bacterium Moraxella bovis

causes corneal ulceration and conjunctivitis - pain, blepharospasm, ocular discharge, redness, swelling

Question 5

Discuss filth flies: biological helminth transmission

also discuss Adult flies infected with these nematodes

Answer 5

Mucosa vectors horse stomach worms drachia and Habronema

Question 6

Discuss the horse part of filth flies: biological helmonth transmission

Answer 6

Question 7

Discuss summer sores in relation to filth flies

and what is the proper name fo rthid worm

Answer 7

Summer sores:
- **Draschia/habronema larvae ** migrate in wound as long as it is moist
- Pruritis and inflammatory reaction to migrating larva > non healing store
- If in the eye, laervae will cause conjunctivitis, sometimes leading to ulceration

Thelazia sp –> the eye worm

Question 8

Discuss filth flies in terms of prevention and control

Answer 8

• Clean poop out regularly
• mechanically prevent flies from contacting animals

Prevention and control: insecticides
- directly applied to/on animals –> pyrethrins, organophosphates, macrocyclic lactones

• **in feed –> insect growth regulatoprs (methoprene)
• Fly baits

Question 9

What are all of the different biting flies?

Answer 9

• Haematobia –> horn fly
• Stomoxys –> stable fly
• Tabenus –> horse fly
• Melophagus –> sheep ked
• Mosquitoes __> culex, Aedes, Anopheles
• Culicoides –> biting midges
• Simulium –> blackflies

Question 10

What is the proper name of the horn fly (biting flies)

Answer 10

• Haematobia )Horn fly)
• this is a tiny fly that likes to live on the backs of cattle

Question 11

Discuss disease transmission for the biting fly known as the horny fly

Answer 11

Effects on host: anemai –> tiny, but numeroius

• Biologically transmists stephanofilaria worm
• the worm lives in the subcutis on the ventral midline of the cattle > dermatitiss

Question 12

Discuss the prevention and control for the biting fly knonw as the horny fly

Answer 12

• clean up or spread out feces to control immature stages –> eggs need moist feces to hatcj
• insecticides to control adult flies: directly applied to/on animals
• pyrethrins; organophosphates; macrocyclic lactones

in feed –> insect growth regulators (methoprene)

Question 13

Regarding biting flies, discuss the stable fly (its life cycle and proper name)

Answer 13

• Fly likes to live on the klegs of catle
• ## Stomoxys (the stable fly)

Question 14

Discuss the diagnosis and mointoring for the stable fly

Answer 14

• The flies **do NOT stay on the host ** and can fly great distances
• MOnitor stomoxys population by counting flies on the front legs of the cattle: more than 10 indicates a productive breeding area nearby

Question 15

Discuss the effects on host and the prevention and control for the stable fly

Answer 15

• irritation –> excessive foot stomping
• anemia
• disase transmission: Draschia/habronema summer sores

Question 16

In regards to the stable fly, discuss the prevntion and cntrol for it

Answer 16

• Eliminate moist, decaying breeding grounds
• Insecticides: directly applied to animal – not as good
• enviornmental inseciticde application and fly traps

Question 17

what is the name of the biting fly for horses

Answer 17

• Biting flies: Tabanus (horse fly)

Question 18

For the horse fly, discuss its lifecycle and effects on the host

also discuss preventin and control for this fly

Answer 18

• painful bites - worry, irritation
• Diusease transmission:
  - Mechanical –> blood borne pathogens: equine infectious anemia virus
  - Biological –> Elaeophora (filaride worm of blood vessels)
• Prevtnion and control:
  - very difficult; drain wet areas if possible

Question 19

What is the name of the wingless fly? discus the host, and orevtnion and controls its lifecycle; effects on

Answer 19

• Sheep Ked –> Melophagus ovinus
• Effects on host: intestenly irritating (damages the wool), missing info
• ## Prevention and control: Easily eliminated; shearing followed by organophosphates or pyrethrins

Question 20

Discuss the 3 main genera of mosquites and discuss the mosquito lifecycle. Also discuss the effects on host and disease transmission along with any other basic info

Answer 20

• 3 main genera: Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex
• Effetcs on host: anemia frmom blood loss;l Exsanginuation has been rpeorted
• Disease transmission: Heartworm; malaria, west nile viorus, rift valley fever

Question 21

Discuss the Culicoides life cycle and the name for this type of bug

Also discuss disease transmision for this

Answer 21

• Culicoides: Biting midges, No-see-ums
• Disease transmission:
  - Bluetomgue virus and epizootic hemmorhagic disease
  - Haemoproteus - avaian hemoprotozoan
  - Onchocerca - filarid nematode
  - African Horse sickness

Question 22

Discuss The effects on host along with prevntion and control for culicoides: biting midges, no see-ums

Answer 22

• Hypersensitivty reactions: sweet itch in horses
• Usually seen around tail, mane and poll region (alopecia; crusting of skin, inflammation, pruritis)

Prevention and control: 1) eliminate breeding areas if possible 2) Keep flies away from animals 3) Permethrin stab;e sprays

Question 23

Discuss the proper name of black flies and also discuss th elifecycle

also discuss the disease transmission and damage to the host and prevention and control

Answer 23

• Simulium –> Black flies
• Onchocerca –> filarid worms in skin and connective tissue of horses and cattle
  - horses and cattle: nonpathogenic
  - Humans - causes river blindness in tropical areas
• Leukocytozoon –> hemoprotozoan simil;ar to malaria in birds

Damage to the host: Hypersensitiivty reactions: similasr to Culicoides

Prevention and control:
- eliminate breeding areas
- stable animals during the day when swarms appear
- Repellants (pyrethrins may help)