Parasitology Introduction Flashcards
Definition:
The study of relationships between organisms of different species (parasite vs host)
Parasitology
Definition:
Describes the relationship between parasite and host
Symbiosis
Type of symbiosis:
Both parasite and host benefit
Mutualism
Type of symbiosis:
The parasite benefits while the host is unaffected
Commensalism
Type of symbiosis:
The parasite benefits at the expense of the host
Parasitism
Outcomes to parasitism (3)
-Host expels parasite
-Host destroys parasite (anti-parasitic medications)
-Parasite destroys host
Type of parasite that lives within the host’s tissues
Endoparasite
Type of parasite that lives on the host’s surface
Ectoparasite
Free-living parasitic organism
Facultative parasite
Parasite that must spend part or all of it’s life cycle in/on host
Obligate parasite
What is an accidental parasite?
One that parasitizes an organism other than its usual host
Definition:
Disease transmitted from an animal to a human
Zoonosis
Type of host that harbors parasite during larval or asexual stage
Intermediate host
Type of host that harbors parasite during adult or sexual stage
Definitive host
All of the following have no intermediate host EXCEPT:
-Enterobius vermicularis
-Entamoeba histolytica
-Trypanosoma cruzi
Trypanosoma cruzi (has 1 intermediate host, the reduviid bug)
Definition:
Not necessary for completion of parasite’s life cycle; temporary refuge until parasite reaches another host. (humans & dog roundworms)
Transport Host
aka
Paratenic host
Definition:
Infected animals that serve as sources for infective organisms to humans (beavers & Giardia)
Reservoir Host
What type of host keeps the parasite/organism alive & “sheds” it causing recurring infections in populations?
Reservoir host
A fly transmitting an amoeba is an example of what type of vector?
Mechanical vector
A mosquito transmitting Plasmodium species is an example of what type of vector?
Biological vector
This vector type is essential for the life cycle of a parasite and is required for development or reproduction
Biological vector
This vector type is accidental or non-essential for transmission of a parasite.
Mechanical vector
Transmission methods (5)
-Direct contact
-Air
-Food or water
-Soil
-Fomite
What is a fomite?
An inanimate object
Common name for helminths
Worms
What are the 3 forms/stages of helminths?
-Ova
-Larva
-Adult
How are helminths classified?
By the shape of their body
Common name for Nematodes
Roundworms
Scientific name for worms
Helminths
Scientific name for roundworms
Nematodes
What body shape do roundworms have?
Non-segmented round body
Scientific name for tapeworms
Cestodes
Common name for cestodes
Tapeworms
What body shape do tapeworms have?
Segmented body
Common name for trematodes
Flatworms or Flukes
Scientific name for flatworms or flukes
Trematodes
What body shape do flatworms or fluke have?
Non-segmented flat bodies
What type of parasite has 3 forms?
Helminths
What type of parasite is a single-celled organism?
Protozoa
How many forms do protozoa have?
2
-Trophozoite
-Cyst
How are protozoa classified?
By means of movement
Which protozoa move by means of pseudopodia?
Amoebae
Amoebae move by what means?
Pseudopodia
Which protozoa move by means of cilia?
Ciliates
Ciliates move by what means?
Cilia
Which protozoa move by means of flagella?
Flagellates
Flagellates move by what means?
Flagella
Which protozoa have no organelles for movement?
Sporozoa
What is the life cycle for arthropods?
Metamorphosis
Common name for arthropods
Bugs
Scientific name for bugs
Arthropods
How are arthropods classified?
Number of legs
Which type of arthropod?
-6 legs
-antennae
-3 body segments
-wings
Insects
Which type of arthropod?
-8 legs
-no wings
-2 body segments
Arachnids
