Genetics Related to Immunohematology Flashcards
How many autosome pairs are in a nucleus?
22
Each nucleus is composed of how many chromosomes?
46
Sex chromosome for female
XX
Sex chromosome for male
XY
Definition:
Position for a gene
Locus (pl. Loci)
Location for the ABO antigen
Long arm of chromosome 9 (9q arm)
Definition:
Alternate forms of a gene at any given point of locus
Alleles
Definition:
The process in somatic cells in which division occurs for cell replacement
Mitosis
Definition:
The process for creating a new individual
Meiosis
Mitosis vs Meiosis:
Produces a daughter cell identical to the parent cell
Mitosis
Mitosis vs Meiosis:
Involves sperm and ovum
Meiosis
Mitosis vs Meiosis:
Occurs in all cells except for reproductive cells
Mitosis
Definition:
Exchange of genetic material during meiosis after chromosome pairs have replicated
Crossover
________ genes are located close enough on the same chromosome that they are usually inherited as a set
Linked
These genes that are inherited on the same chromosome
Cis genes
These genes are on opposite chromosomes
Trans position
Definition:
A combination of genes inherited as a group from one parent
Haplotype
Which Mendel’s Law:
The transmission of a trait in a predictable fashion from one generation to the next
Independent Segregation
Which Mendel’s Law:
Inheritance on different chromosomes are expressed separately and discretely
Independent Assortment
An individual whose genotype is made up of identical genes
Homozygous
An individual who has inherited different alleles from each parent
Heterozygous
Definition:
The actual genetic makeup as determined by family studies
Genotype
TRUE or FALSE:
It is possible to have different genotypes but the same phenotype
TRUE
AA and AO are still Group A
What effect occurs when variation in antigen expression causes a variation in agglutination reactions due to strength of antibody or density of the antigens on the RBC?
Dosage effect
Definition:
Refers to traits that are not carried on the sex chromosome
Autosomal
Definition:
A trait or characteristic that will be expressed in the offspring even though it is carried on only one of the homologous chromosomes
Dominant
Definition:
A type of gene that, in the presence of its dominant allele, does not express itself; expression only occurs when it is inherited in the homozygous state
Recessive
Definition:
A pair of genes in which in which neither is dominant over the other. They are both expressed.
Co-dominant
Definition:
“Silent gene”. A gene that does not appear to produce a detectable antigen (such as blood type O)
Amorph
Definition:
An individual’s actual genetic makeup
Genotype
Definition:
The outward expression of genes.
Phenotype
DNA molecules are composed of what?
Nucleotides
Nucleotides are composed of what?
A sugar, a phosphate molecule, and a nitrogenous base
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA
-Adenine
-Guanine
-Thymine
-Cytosine
Adenine and Guanine are __________ and Cytosine and Thymine are _________
-A & G are purines
-C & T are pyrimidines
3 adjacent nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid to build a specific protein
Codon or triplet
