Genetics Related to Immunohematology

Question 1

How many autosome pairs are in a nucleus?

Answer 1

22

Question 2

Each nucleus is composed of how many chromosomes?

Answer 2

46

Question 3

Sex chromosome for female

Answer 3

XX

Question 4

Sex chromosome for male

Answer 4

XY

Question 5

Definition:
Position for a gene

Answer 5

Locus (pl. Loci)

Question 6

Location for the ABO antigen

Answer 6

Long arm of chromosome 9 (9q arm)

Question 7

Definition:
Alternate forms of a gene at any given point of locus

Answer 7

Alleles

Question 8

Definition:
The process in somatic cells in which division occurs for cell replacement

Answer 8

Mitosis

Question 9

Definition:
The process for creating a new individual

Answer 9

Meiosis

Question 10

Mitosis vs Meiosis:
Produces a daughter cell identical to the parent cell

Answer 10

Mitosis

Question 11

Mitosis vs Meiosis:
Involves sperm and ovum

Answer 11

Meiosis

Question 12

Mitosis vs Meiosis:
Occurs in all cells except for reproductive cells

Answer 12

Mitosis

Question 13

Definition:
Exchange of genetic material during meiosis after chromosome pairs have replicated

Answer 13

Crossover

Question 14

________ genes are located close enough on the same chromosome that they are usually inherited as a set

Answer 14

Linked

Question 15

These genes that are inherited on the same chromosome

Answer 15

Cis genes

Question 16

These genes are on opposite chromosomes

Answer 16

Trans position

Question 17

Definition:
A combination of genes inherited as a group from one parent

Answer 17

Haplotype

Question 18

Which Mendel’s Law:
The transmission of a trait in a predictable fashion from one generation to the next

Answer 18

Independent Segregation

Question 19

Which Mendel’s Law:
Inheritance on different chromosomes are expressed separately and discretely

Answer 19

Independent Assortment

Question 20

An individual whose genotype is made up of identical genes

Answer 20

Homozygous

Question 21

An individual who has inherited different alleles from each parent

Answer 21

Heterozygous

Question 22

Definition:
The actual genetic makeup as determined by family studies

Answer 22

Genotype

Question 23

TRUE or FALSE:
It is possible to have different genotypes but the same phenotype

Answer 23

TRUE
AA and AO are still Group A

Question 24

What effect occurs when variation in antigen expression causes a variation in agglutination reactions due to strength of antibody or density of the antigens on the RBC?

Answer 24

Dosage effect

Question 25

Definition:
Refers to traits that are not carried on the sex chromosome

Answer 25

Autosomal

Question 26

Definition:
A trait or characteristic that will be expressed in the offspring even though it is carried on only one of the homologous chromosomes

Answer 26

Dominant

Question 27

Definition:
A type of gene that, in the presence of its dominant allele, does not express itself; expression only occurs when it is inherited in the homozygous state

Answer 27

Recessive

Question 28

Definition:
A pair of genes in which in which neither is dominant over the other. They are both expressed.

Answer 28

Co-dominant

Question 29

Definition:
“Silent gene”. A gene that does not appear to produce a detectable antigen (such as blood type O)

Answer 29

Amorph

Question 30

Definition:
An individual’s actual genetic makeup

Answer 30

Genotype

Question 31

Definition:
The outward expression of genes.

Answer 31

Phenotype

Question 32

DNA molecules are composed of what?

Answer 32

Nucleotides

Question 33

Nucleotides are composed of what?

Answer 33

A sugar, a phosphate molecule, and a nitrogenous base

Question 34

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA

Answer 34

-Adenine
-Guanine
-Thymine
-Cytosine

Question 35

Adenine and Guanine are __________ and Cytosine and Thymine are _________

Answer 35

-A & G are purines
-C & T are pyrimidines

Question 36

3 adjacent nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid to build a specific protein

Answer 36

Codon or triplet