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Step1 > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Giardia lamblia

A

Protozoa

Transmitted as cysts in water

Causes giardiasis: bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea

Diagnose w/ trophozoites (growing stage of protozoa) or cysts in stool

Treat w/ metronidazole

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2
Q

Entamobea histolytica

A

Protozoa

Transmitted as cysts in water

Causes amebiasis: bloody diarrhea (dysentery), liver abscess

Diagnose w/ trophozoites (with RBC in cytoplasm) or cysts in stool

Treat w/ metronidazole

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3
Q

Cryptosporidium

A

Protozoa

Transmitted as oocysts in water

Causes severe diarrhea in AIDS, mild in immunocompetent

Diagnose w/ oocysts on acid fast stain

Treat w/ nitazoxanide

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4
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Protozoa

Transmitted as cysts in meat or oocysts in cat feces, can cross placenta

Causes brain abscess in HIV

Congenital: chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification

Diagnose w/ serology

Treat w/ sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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5
Q

Naegleria fowleri

A

Protozoa

Transmitted when swimming in fresh water lacks, enters via cribriform plate

Causes rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis

Diagnose w/ amoebas in spinal fluid

Treat w/ amphotericin B

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6
Q

Trypanosoma brucei

A

Protozoa

Transmitted via Tsetse fly (painful bite)

Causes African sleeping sickness (enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever, somnolence, and coma

Diagnose w/ blood smear

Treat w/ suramin for blood and melarsoprol for CNS

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7
Q

Plasmodium malariae

A

Protozoa

Transmitted by mosquitos

Malaria: fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly

Diagnose w/ blood smear showing trophozoite ring form w/ RBC within

Treat w/ chloroquine

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8
Q

Babesia

A

Protozoa

Transmitted by Ixodes tick

Causes Babesiosis: fever and hemolytic anemia, predominantly in northeastern Unites States, asplenia increases risk

Diagnose w/ blood smear showing ring form

Treat w/ atovaquone + azithromycin

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9
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Protozoa

Transmitted by reduviid bug (kissing bug) feces deposited in painless bites

Causes Chagas disease: dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus, predominantly in South America

Diagnosed w/ blood smear

Treat w. benznidazole

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10
Q

Leishmania donovani

A

Protozoa

Transmitted by sandfly

Causes visceral leishmaniasis: spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia

Diagnose w/ macrophages containing amastigotes (protist cell w/ flagella)

Treat w/ amphotericin B

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11
Q

Trichomas vaginalis

A

Protozoa

Transmitted sexually (cannot exist outside human as no cysts)

Causes vaginitis: foul-smelling, greenish discharge

Diagnose w/ trophozites on wet mount

Treat w/ metronidazole for pt and partner

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12
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

Roundworm/Nematodes (pinworm)

Transmitted fecal-oral

Causes intestinal infection and anal pruitis

Diagnose w/ Scotch Tape test

Treat w/ Bendazole

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13
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Roundworm (giant roundworm)

Transmitted fecal oral

Causes intestinal infection

Treat w/ bedazole

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14
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Roundworm

Transmitted via larvae in soil penetrating skin

Causes intestinal infection w/ vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain

Treat w/ albendazole

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15
Q

Ancylosomta, Necator

A

Roundworm (hookworm)

Transmitted w/ larvae penetrating skin

Causing intestinal infection w/ anemia as organism sucking blood from intestinal wall

Treat w/ bedazole

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16
Q

Onchocera volvulus

A

Roundworm

Transmitted by female blackfly bite

Causes hyper pigmented skin and river blindness

Treat w/ Ivermectin

17
Q

Loa loa

A

Roundworm

Transmitted by deer fly, horse fly, or mango fly

Causes welling in skin, worm in conjunctiva

Treat w/ diethylcarbamazine

18
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Roundworm

Transmitted by female mosquito

Causes blocks in lymphatic vessels

Treat w/ diethylcarbamazine

19
Q

Toxocara canis

A

Roundworm

Transmitted fecal oral

Causes visceral larva migrans (multiple organs including liver and heart)

Treat w. albendazole

20
Q

Taenia solium

A

Tapeworm

Transmitted via ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork

Causes intestinal infection, treat w/ praziquantel

Can also be transmitted via ingestion of eggs, which cause cysticerocosis/neurocysticercosis, treat neurocysticercosis w/ albendazole

21
Q

Diphylobothrium latum

A

Tapeworm

Transmitted by ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish

Causes vitamin B12 deficiency as tapeworm competes for B12 in intestine, leading to anemia

Treat w Praziquantel

22
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A

Tapeworm

Transmitted by ingestion of eggs from dog feces

Causes Hydatid cysts in liver, causing anaphylaxis if antigen released (surgeons pre inject w/ ethanol to kill cysts before removal)

Treat w/ albendazole

23
Q

Schistosoma

A

Flukes

Transmitted by cercaria penetrating skin, snails are natural hosts

Causes liver and spleen granulomas, fibrosis and inflammation,

Chronic inflammation can lead to SCC of the bladder

Treat w praziquantel

24
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

A

Flukes

Transmitted via undercooked fish

Causes biliary tract inflammation and pigmented gallstones

Associated w/ cholangiocarcinoma

Treat w/ praziquantel

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