Fungi mycology Flashcards
Histoplasmosis
Common in Mississippi and Ohio River valleys
Causes pneumonia
Macrophages filled w/ Histoplasma (smaller than RBC)
Common w/ bird or bat droppings
Treat w/ amphotericin B
Blastomycosis
Common in states east of Mississippi river and Central America
Causes inflammatory lung disease and can disseminate to skin and bone
Forms granulomatous nodules
Broad-base budding (same size as RBC)
Treat w/ amphotericin B systematic, local w/ fluconazole
Coccidiodomycosis
Common in Southwestern US, California
Causes pneumonia and meningitis, can disseminate to bone (arthralgia) and skin (erythema nodosum).
Spherule filled w/ endospores (much larger than RBC)
Treat w/ amphotericin B
Paracoccidiodiomycosis
Common in Latin America
Disease involve lung, skin, bone, and lymph nodes
Budding yeasts w/ captain’s wheel formation (much larger than RBC)
Parasails w/ the captain’s wheel all the way to Latin America
Treat w/ amphoterinc B
Tinea versicolor
Caused by Malasseiz furfur (spaghetti and meatball appearance under microscope)
Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melanocytes and cause hypo pigmented and/or hyper pigmented patches
Occur in hot, humid weather
Treatment: topical miconazole
Candida albicans
Opportunistic, pseudohyphae
Systemic or superficial infection
Oral and esophageal thrush, vulvovaginitis, endocarditis
Treatment: topical azole for topical, amphotericin B for systemic
Aspergillus fumigatus
Opportunistic, septate hyphae
Invasive aspergillosis, especially in immunocompromised and those w/ chronic granulomatous disease
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: associated w/ asthma and cystic fibrosis, may cause bronchiectasis
Aspergillomas in lung cavities, especially after TB infection
Cryptococcus neoformans
Opportunistic, wide capsular halos in india ink
Heavily encapsulated yeast
Found in soil, pigeon droppings
Acquired through inhalation with hematogenous dissemination to meninges
Causes cryptococcal meningitis
Mucor
Opportunistic
Causes mucormycosis, disease mostly in ketoacidotic diabetic and leukemic patients
Fungi proliferate in blood vessel wall when there is excess ketone and glucose, penetrate cribriform plate, and enter brain forming abscesses
Presents w/ headache, facial pain, and black necrotic eschar on face
Treatment: amphotericin B
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Opportunistic
Causes PCP, a diffuse interstitial pneumonia
Inhaled, most infections are asymptomatic
Diagnosed by CXR, lung biopsy or lavage
Treatment: TMP-SMX
Start prophylaxis when CD4 count drops below 200
Sporothrix schenckii
Opportunistic, dimorphic, cigar shaped
When spores are traumatically introduced into the skin, typically by a thorn, causes local pustules or ulcers
Treatment: itraconazole
