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Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Pear-shaped

A

Giardia, Chilomastix, Trichomonas

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2
Q

Shepherd’s crook

A

Chilomastix mesnili cytostome
Tail of Mansonella streptocerca
Marburg virus

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3
Q

Diarrheal outbreaks

A

Giardia, Dientamoeba, Cryptosporidium

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4
Q

Malabsoption/steatorrhea

A

G. lamblia, Capillaria philippinensis

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5
Q

Enterotest (string test)

A

G. lamblia, S. stercoralis

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6
Q

Undulating membrane

A

Trichomonas, Trypanosoma (Trypomastigote)

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7
Q

Leishmanial form

A

Amastigote

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8
Q

Trypanosomal form

A

Trypomastigote

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9
Q

Xenodiagnosis

A

Trypanosoma cruzi
Trichinella spiralis

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10
Q

Diagnostic stage of T. brucei

A

Trypomastigote

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11
Q

Diagnostic stage of T. cruzi

A

Amastigote (tissue)
Trypomastigote (blood)

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12
Q

Diagnostic stage of Leishmania

A

Amastigote

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12
Q

Thrown ball (rolling motion) motility

A

Balantidium coli

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13
Q

Final host of sporozoans

A

Arthropod vector

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14
Q

Black water fever

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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15
Q

Black fever

A

Leishmania donovani
Dum-dum fever

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16
Q

Visceral leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania donovani

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17
Q

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania braziliensis

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18
Q

Resistant to P. vivax and P. knowlesi

A

Fy(a-b-)

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19
Q

Resistant to P. knowlesi merozoites

A

M-N-

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20
Q

Signet ring

A

Plasmodium vivax

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21
Q

Serrated or fimbriated infected RBCs

A

Plasmodium ovale

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22
Q

6-14 average 8 merozoites in schizont

A

Plasmodium ovale

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23
Q

12-24 average 16 merozoites in schizont

A

Plasmodium vivax

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24
Q

Rosette/flower-like merozoites

A

Plasmodium malariae

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25
Q

8-38 average 24 merozoites in schizont

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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26
Q

Applique forms/accole/marginal, double nuclear dots
Multiple rings

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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27
Q

Stages seen in peripheral blood in P. falciparum

A

Ring forms and gametocytes

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28
Q

Older developing stages of P. knowlesi resemble those of

A

P. malariae (band trophozoites, rosette schizonts)

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29
Q

Early ring stages of P. knowlesi resemble those of

A

P. falciparum (multiple rings, double nuclear dots, applique form)

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30
Q

Maltese cross (tetrad ring form)

A

Babesia

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31
Q

Nantucket fever

A

Babesia microti and Babesia divergens

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32
Q

Texas cattle fever, Red water fever

A

Babesia

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33
Q

P. falciparum periodicity

A

every 36H
Malignant tertian malaria

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34
Q

P. ovale/vivax periodicity

A

every 48H
Benign tertian malaria

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35
Q

P. malariae periodicity

A

every 72H
Quartan malaria

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36
Q

P. knowlesi periodicity

A

every 24H
Quotidian malaria

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37
Q

Modified acid fast positive

A

Oocyst of coccidian

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38
Q

Coccidian oocyst are best examined using

A

Sheather’s sugar flotation

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39
Q

Diarrhea in AIDS patient

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

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40
Q

Autofluorescence positive (UV microscopy)

A

Cyclospora cayatanensis

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41
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum infective stage

A

oocyst

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42
Q

Toxoplasma gondii
Definitive host
Accidental intermediate host

A

Cats
Man

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43
Q

Inhibition test for Toxoplasma gondii

A

Sabin-Feldman dye test

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44
Q

Ovoviviparous

A

Strongyloides stercoralis
Enterobius vermicularis

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45
Q

Cephalic chemoreceptors

A

Amphids

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46
Q

Caudal chemoreceptors

A

Phasmids

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47
Q

Aphasmids

A

Trichuris Trichinella Capillaria

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48
Q

Found in the small intestines

A

“CASHT”
Capillaria
Ascaris lumbricoides
Strongyloides stercoralis
Hookworms
Trichinella spiralis adult

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49
Q

Largest/longest nematode (overall)

A

Dracunculus medinensis

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50
Q

Largest intestinal nematode

A

Ascaris

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51
Q

Filariform larva (L3) as infective stage

A

Necator, Acylostoma, Strongyloides

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52
Q

Wuchereria, Brugia, and other filarial worms infective stage

A

Filiform larva (L3)

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53
Q

Soil transmitted helminths

A

“HATS”
Hookworms
Ascaris
Trichuris
Strongyloides

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54
Q

Heart-lung migration

A

“ASH”
Ascaris
Strongyloides
Hookworm

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55
Q

Found in large intestines

A

“ET”
Enterobius vermicularis
Trichuris trichiura

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56
Q

Trilobate lips/triangular buccal cavity

A

Ascaris

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57
Q

Double-layered: albuminous and lipoidal

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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58
Q

Most common helminth to infect man worldwide

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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59
Q

Most common helminth to infect man in the Ph

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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60
Q

Coinfection with Enterobius vermicularis

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

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61
Q

Kato-katz

A

“SHAT”
Schistosomes
Hookworm
Ascaris
Trichuris

Clearing time at 60mins

62
Q

Has atypical life cycle that is responsible for internal autoinfection

A

Capillaria philippinensis

63
Q

Diagnostic stage of Capillaria

A

Ova in stool or larva

64
Q

Infective stage of Capillaria

A

Larva found in fish

65
Q

Most common helminthic infections

A
  1. Ascaris
  2. Hookworms
  3. Trichuris
66
Q

Transmammary can be MOT of

A

Ancylostoma duodenale
Strongyloides

67
Q

Tripartite copulatory bursa

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

68
Q

Barbed, bristle-like bipartite copulatory bursa

A

Necator americanus

69
Q

Diagnostic stage of hookworms

70
Q

Diagnostic stage of Strongyloides

A

Rhabditiform larva

71
Q

Visceral larva migrans (VLM)

A

Toxocara cati, Toxocara canis

72
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM)

A

Creeping eruption
Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum

73
Q

Urticarial dermal reaction
Ground itch

74
Q

Pulmonary lesions and hemorrhage caused by hookworms

A

Wakana disease

75
Q

Oral route can be MOT of hookworms

A

Ancylostoma ceylanicum (civet cat hookworm)
Ancylostoma duodenale
Ancylostoma caninum (animal hookworm)

76
Q

Haradomori filter paper culture technique
Baermann funnel technique

A

Test to recover hookworm and threadworm filariform larva

77
Q

Smallest nematode infecting man

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

78
Q

Sheathed, pointed tail

A

Hookworm filariform larva

79
Q

Unsheathed, notched tail

A

Strongyloides stercoralis filariform larva

80
Q

Long buccal cavity
Small/inconspicuous genital primordium

A

Hookworm rhabditiform larva L1

81
Q

Tracks under the skin from Strongyloides migration

A

Larva currens

82
Q

Nutria itch

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

83
Q

Chinese lantern egg
Cochin China diarrhea
Vietnam diarrhea

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

84
Q

Trailing effect when placed on agar plates

A

Acanthamoeba/Naegleria
Strongyloides

85
Q

Agar plate used for Strongyloides

A

Koga agar plate

86
Q

Swollen belly syndrome

A

Strongyloides fuelleborni subsp. kellyi

87
Q

Drug of choice for Strongyloides stercoralis and Filarial worms

A

Ivermectin

88
Q

Morula ball

A

2-8 blastomeres
Hookworm egg

89
Q

Infective and diagnostic stage of Trichinella

A

Encysted larva

90
Q

Highest eosinophil count

A

Trichinella spiralis

91
Q

Bentonite flocculation tests

A

Echinococcus granulosus
Trichinella spiralis

92
Q

Trichinella treatment

A

Prednisone

93
Q

Upper lymphatics

A

Brugia malayi

94
Q

Lower lymphatics

A

Wuchereria bancofti

95
Q

Smears for Filarial worms

A

2 thick smears (1 stained, 1 unstained)

96
Q

Solitary, peripheral nodules in the lung (coin lesions)

A

Dirofilaria immitis (dog heartworm)

97
Q

Thick cuticle and a large uterus that fills the body cavity and contains rhabditoid larvae

A

Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea/Serpent worm)

98
Q

Intermediate host of Dracunculus immitis

A

Aquatic crustacean (copepods/cyclops)

99
Q

Barber’s pole appearance

A

Parastrongylus cantonensis (Rat lungworm)
(Cerebral/Neural angiostrongyliasis)

100
Q

Highest eosinophil count in CSF

A

Parastrongylus cantonensis (Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis)

101
Q

Similar pain to appendicitis

A

Parastrongylus costaricensis

102
Q

Herring worm

A

Anisakis spp.

103
Q

Trematodes with mature egg when laid

A

“SHOC”
Schistosoma
Heterophyes
Opistorchis
Clonorchis

104
Q

Trematodes drug of choice

A

Praziquantel

105
Q

Nonoperculated egg in trematodes

A

Schistosoma

106
Q

Giant / Tropical liver fluke

A

Fasciola gigantica

107
Q

2nd IH of Fasciola

A

Kangkong, Water cress

108
Q

Final host of Clonorchis sinensis

109
Q

Pitcher-like appearance
Old-fashioned light bulb egg

A

Clonorchis sinensis

110
Q

Garrison’s fluke

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

111
Q

Cat liver fluke

A

Opisthorchis felineus

112
Q

Indistinguishable trematode eggs

A

Clonorchis
Opisthorchis
Heterophyes

113
Q

Von Siebold’s fluke
Smallest fluke of man
Deadliest

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

114
Q

Adult resembles coffee bean

A

Paragonimus westermani

115
Q

Oriental lung fluke
Causes endemic hemoptysis

A

Paragonimus westermani

116
Q

Pancreatic fluke
Causes cholecystitis, pancreatitis

A

Eurytrema pancreaticum

117
Q

Where female is held in adult male schistosome

A

Gynecophoral canal

118
Q

Oriental blood fluke
Katayama’s disease
Swimmer’s itch

A

Schistosoma japonicum

119
Q

Smallest egg blood fluke

A

Schistosoma japonicum

120
Q

Smallest adult blood fluke
Causes intestinal bilharziasis

A

Schistosoma mansoni

121
Q

Prominent lateral spine

A

S. mansoni

122
Q

Small knob-like lateral spine

A

S. japonicum

123
Q

Prominent lateral spine

A

S. haematobium

124
Q

Vesical blood fluke
Causes urinary bilharziasis, egyptian hematuria

A

Shistosoma haematobium

125
Q

Recommended time of urine collection of S. haematobium

A

Between noon and 3PM

126
Q

Acid fast positive schistosome
Equatorial bulge
Resembles S. haematobium egg

A

Schistosoma intercalatum

127
Q

Abopercular thickening

A

Paragonimus westermani
Diphyllobotrium latum

128
Q

All eggs unoperculated, embryonated, hexacanth embryo, oncosphere

A

Cestodes (tapeworms)

129
Q

Uterine pore

130
Q

Broad fish tapeworm
Largest tapeworm

A

Diphyllobotrium latum

131
Q

Smallest tapeworm
Dwarf tapeworm
Most common cestode

A

Hymenolepsis nana

132
Q

Shortest tapeworm

A

Echinococcus granulosum

133
Q

Spatulate/spoon-shaped/almond scolex
Sucking grooves (bothria)
Rosette uterus

A

Diphyllobotrium latum

134
Q

Infective stage of D. latum

A

Pleocercoid

135
Q

Anapolytic

136
Q

Tapeworm anemia
Vit B12 deficiency
Megaloblastic macrocytic anemia
Hypersegmented neutrophil, pancytopenia

137
Q

Taenia saginata infective stage

A

Cysticercus bovis

138
Q

Dendritic or finger-like lateral/uterine branches

A

Taenia solium

139
Q

Dichotomous, tree-like uterine branches

A

Taenia saginata

140
Q

Taenia solium infective stage

A

Cysticercus cellulosae
Embryonated egg

141
Q

No rostellum, no hooks

A

Taenia saginata

142
Q

Cysticercosis viscerotropica
Liver of pigs, cattle, goats, wild boar, monkeys

A

Taenia asiatica

143
Q

Egg contain oncosphere with two polar thickenings from which arise 4-8 polar filaments

A

Hymenolepis nana

144
Q

Rat tapeworm
Sunny side / Fried egg appearance

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

145
Q

Egg contain oncosphere with two polar thickenings without polar filaments

Unarmed rostellum

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

146
Q

Has egg capsule/packet containing 8-15 embryonated eggs

A

Dipylidium caninum

147
Q

Dog tapeworm
Double-pored tapeworm
Flea tapeworm
Cucumber tapeworm

A

Dipylidium caninum

148
Q

Hydatid worm
Hydatid disease/Hydatidosis

A

Echinococcus granulosus

149
Q

Echinococcus granulosus intermediate & final host

150
Q

Causes alveolar hydatid cyst

A

Echinococcus multilocularis

151
Q

Recommended formalin concentration for protozoan cyst

A

5% formalin

152
Q

Recommended formalin concentration for helminth eggs and larvae

A

10% formalin

153
Q

Fixative for permanent stained smear

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