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Microbiology 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Halophilic Vibrio except

A

V. cholerae and V. mimicus

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2
Q

Sucrose fermenters of Vibrio
(colony and medium)

A

V. cholerae and V. alginolyticus
Yellow on TCBS

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3
Q

Spread through eating raw/undercooked shellfish

A

Cholera

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4
Q

Cholera biotype resistant to polymyxin B

A

El Tor

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5
Q

Cholera subgroups associated with pandemic cholera

A

V. cholerae O1 and O139

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6
Q

Cholera serogroups

A

Inaba, Ogawa, Hikojima

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7
Q

Susceptible to 0/129

A

V. cholerae

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8
Q

String test reagent

A

0.5% Sodium deoxycholate

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9
Q

“Summer diarrhea”

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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10
Q

Lactose positive Vibrio

A

V. vulnificus

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11
Q

Pink-centered/bull’s eye colony on CIN

A

Aeromonas

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12
Q

Fresh-water fish

A

Aeromonas

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13
Q

Plesiomonas colony and medium

A

White to pink in INOSITOL brilliant green bile salt agar

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14
Q

Aeromonas identifying test

A

Mannitol positive

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15
Q

Plesiomonas identifying test

A

Inositol positive

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16
Q

Broth with 6.5% NaCl

A

Vibrio

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17
Q

Ammonium cyanide odor on SBA
Violent pigment
CPOP

A

Chromobacterium violaceum

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18
Q

Campylobacter culture medium

A

Campy-BAP
Skirrow’s

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19
Q

Campylobacter jejuni vs Helicobacter pylori

A

Campylobacter: Cephalotin resistant
Helicobacter: Nalidixic acid resistant

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20
Q

Top 3 MDR cause of nosocomial infections

A
  1. P. aeruginosa
  2. Acinetobacter baumannii
  3. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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21
Q

Asaccharolytic

A

“Hindi sweet si Jason AMOA”
Alcaligenes
Moraxella
Oligella
Acinetobacter iwoffii

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22
Q

“Serrated confluent growth” in cetrimide agar

A

PAU

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23
Q

PAU is the #1 cause of infection in

A

Burn
Cystic fibrosis

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24
Q

“Swimmer’s ear”
Ecthyma gangrenosum
Jacuzzi hot tub/Whirlpool dermatitis

A

PAU

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25
Q

One of PAU virulence factor

A

Exotoxin A

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26
Q

Glanders disease

A

Burkholderia mallei

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27
Q

“Vietnamese time bomb” or Meliodosis

A

Bukholderia (Pseudomonas) pseudomallei

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28
Q

Deep pink, wrinkled colonies in Ashdown medium
“Earthy odor”

A

B. pseudomallei

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29
Q

Pink on PC and MAC agar

A

B. cepacia

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30
Q

Lavender green colony on BAP
“Ammonia-like odor”
Yellow pigment on TSA

A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

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31
Q

Strong maltose oxidizer

A

S. maltophilia

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32
Q

Blue-grey (Cornflower blue) on EMB
Purple on MAC

A

Acinetobacter

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33
Q

CPON LDC(+) motile

A

S. maltophilia (vs. Acinetobacter)

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34
Q

Alcaligenes vs Bordetella

A

Urease
(+) vs (-)

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35
Q

MAC (-)
DNAse (+)
Flavin pigment

A

Chryseobacterium meningosepticum

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36
Q

HAEMOPHILUS HACEK-before Mycobac

A
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37
Q

Common causes of TB in humans

A

M. tuberculosis, africanum, cannetti

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38
Q

MTB measurement

A

0.2-0.6 micron in diameter
1-4 micra in length

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39
Q

MTB virulence factor that prevents fusion of phagosome and lysosome and recruitment of neutrophils

A

Cord factor

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40
Q

Reliable/rapid method of MTB identification showing parallel chains

A

Cord formation (Serpentine cords)

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41
Q

Droplets of dried sputum in the air for MTB may be infectious for (days)

A

8-10 days

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42
Q

Hours an MTB culture upon sun exposure be killed

A

2 hours

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43
Q

Hours an MTB sputum upon sun exposure be killed

A

20-30 hrs

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44
Q

Dried sputum remains infectious for

A

6-8 months

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45
Q

Droplets of dried sputum remain infectious for

A

8-10 days

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46
Q

Inspissation temp/hrs

A

75-80C 2hrs 3 days

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47
Q

Multinucleated giant cells/fusion of macrophages in MTB

A

Langhans cell

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48
Q

Vit B6 deficiency leading to Peripheral neuropathy

A

Isoniazid

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49
Q

MTB primary drug that cause uric acid crystals

A

Pyrazinamide

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50
Q

MTB primary drug that cause red/green colorblindness

A

Ethambutol

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51
Q

Primary drugs for MTB (TB-DOTS)

A

“RIPE”
Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol

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52
Q

Resistant to Rifampin and Isoniazid TB

53
Q

Ideal size DSSM

A

2-3cm (thumb size)

54
Q

Ideal size smear blood drop

55
Q

Decontaminating and Digesting agents for MTB

A

NAOH
NALC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

56
Q

Diagnose latent TB infection

A

IGRA Interferon gamma release assay

57
Q

Can detect drug-resistant MTB

A

GeneXpert (PCR-based NAAT)

58
Q

Swimming pool granuloma

A

M. marinum

59
Q

Yellow bacillus

A

M. kansasii

60
Q

Scrofula

A

Cervical lymphadenitis
Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

61
Q

Tap water bacillus

A

Mycobacterium gordonae

62
Q

Group II: Scotochromogens

A

“Sc Sz X gordon”
M. scrofulaceum
M. szulgai
M. xenopi
M. gordonae

63
Q

Group I: Photochromogens

A

“MASK”
M. marinum
M. asiaticum
M. simiae
M. kansasii

64
Q

M. avium-intracellulare complex SPECIMEN

65
Q

MTB culture medium for contaminated spx

A

Petragnani (increased malachite green)

66
Q

Buruli ulcers, “Inert bacillus”

A

M. ulcerans

67
Q

Inert HACEK

A

Eikenella corrodens

68
Q

“Radish bacillus”

A

M. terrae-triviale

69
Q

Group IV: Rapid growers

A

“FPASCh”
M. fortuitum
M. phlei
M. abscessus
M. smegmatis
M. chelonei

70
Q

Nitrate positive rapid grower

A

M. fortuitum

71
Q

Mimics TB

A

“NocHisPa kasi parang may TB”
Nocardia asteroides (bacteria)
Histoplasma capsulatum (fungi)
Paragonimus westermani (parasite)

72
Q

M. leprae stain

A

Fite-faraco’s
(hematoxylin as counterstain)

73
Q

Leprosy manifestation:
Lepromine and CMI (+)
Few AFB

A

Tuberculoid leprosy

74
Q

Test for M. kansasii

A

Tween 80 HOH

75
Q

Biochemical tests for MTB and results

A

Niacin accumulation test - (+) yellow color
Nitrate reduction - (+) broth: pink/red; strip: blue
Pyrazinamidase
MPT64 antigen
T2H susceptibility/inhibition test - (-) inhibition of growth

76
Q

Lumpy jaw, Actinomycosis
Molar tooth colonies

A

Actinomyces israelii

77
Q

Positive on tap water agar

A

Nocardia
Streptomyces
Nocardiopsis

78
Q

Positive for the hydrolysis of casein, xanthine, tyrosine

A

Nocardia transvalensis

79
Q

Negative for the hydrolysis of casein, xanthine, tyrosine

A

Nocardia asteroides

80
Q

Whipple’s disease - PAS-staining macrophages

A

Tropheryma whipplei

81
Q

Longest bacteria

82
Q

Borrelia culture medium

A

Barber Stoenner Kelly BSK
33C 6 weeks

83
Q

Soft, painful chancroid

A

H. ducreyi

84
Q

Hard, painless chancre

A

Treponema pallidum

85
Q

Tabes dorsalis

A

Tertiary syphillis - neurosyphilis
Degeneration of lower spinal cord

86
Q

Congenital syphilis triad

A

Hutchinsonian triad
Notched teeth
Keratitis
Nerve deafness

87
Q

Current treatment for syphillis

A

Penicillin G

88
Q

Agent of yaws

A

Treponema pertenue “pertenYAW”

89
Q

Agent of bejel

A

Endemic syphilis
Treponema endemicum

90
Q

Agent of pinta

A

Treponema carateum

91
Q

Silver stains

A

Warthin starry
Levaditi
Fontana tribondeau

92
Q

Severe form of leptospirosis

A

Weil’s disease (icterohemorrhagiae)

93
Q

Gold standard for leptospirosis diagnosis

A

Microscopic agglutination test

94
Q

Parrot fever

A

Psittacosis/Ornithosis
Chlamydia psittaci

95
Q

3 causes of Guillain Barre Syndrome

A

Campylobacter jejuni
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Zika virus

96
Q

C. pneumoniae culture

A

Hep2 cells, Human cell lines

97
Q

Associated with TWAR strain

A

Taiwan Acute Respiratory strain
Chlamydophila pneumoniae

98
Q

Only chlamydia sensitive to sulfonamide

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

99
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum

A

C. trachomatis subtypes L1, L2, L3

100
Q

TRIC

A

Trachoma, Inclusion conjunctivitis

101
Q

Specimen for NAAT C. trachomatis

A

Early morning first voided urine

102
Q

Pear-shaped elementary bodies

A

Chlamydia pneumoniae

103
Q

With glycogen inclusions
Sensitive to sulfonamide
Round elementary bodies

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

104
Q

All rickettsia cannot survive outside host/vector EXCEPT

105
Q

Human granulocyte erlichiosis

A

Anaplasma phagocytophila

106
Q

Human monocyte erlichiosis

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

107
Q

Frequent cause of community-acquired pneumonia and tracheobronchitis

A

Eaton’s agent (M. pneumoniae)

108
Q

Selective media for M. pneumoniae

A

SP4-glucose

109
Q

Genital mycoplasmas

A

M. hominis
U. urealyticum

Growth on NYCA

110
Q

Medium for M. hominis and U. urealyticum

A

SP4-arginine
SP4-urea

111
Q

Large fried egg colonies

A

M. hominis

112
Q

Tiny, fried egg colonies, dark brownish clumps

A

U. urealyticum

113
Q

Trench fever agent and vector

A

B. quintana (human body louse)

114
Q

Carrion’s disease, Oroya fever, Verruga Peruana fever

A

Bartonella bacilliformis

115
Q

Cat scratch disease agents

A

Bartonella henselae
Afipia felis
B. clarridgeaie

116
Q

Alternative for safranin counterstain in gram negative aerobes

A

0.5% aqueous basic fuchsin

117
Q

Sulfur granules only seen macroscopically

A

Propionebacterium acnes

118
Q

Cell wall composed of L-diaminopimelic acid
Sulfur granules
Blood culture contaminant

A

Propionebacterium (Cutibacterium) acnes

119
Q

Anaerobic diphtheroid
Catalase and spot indole positive

A

Propionebacterium (Cutibacterium) acnes

120
Q

Anaerobic diphtheroid
bifurcated cells “dog bones”

A

Bifidobacterium

121
Q

Capsule, catalase positive
Black on BBE (20% bile)

A

Bacteroides fragilis

*BBE - Bacteroides Bile Esculin agar

122
Q

Resistant to Kanamycin, Vancomycin, Colistin

A

Bacteroides fragilis

123
Q

brick red fluorescence on UVL

A

Porphyromonas asaccharolytica
Prevotella melaninogenica

124
Q

Do not grow on KVLB
Asaccharolytic
Vancomycin susceptible

A

Porphyromonas

125
Q

Brown-black pigment on KVLB agar
Colistin susceptible

A

Prevotella melaninogenica

126
Q

“Bread crumb colonies”

A

Gram negative bacilli:
Streptobacillus moniliformis (aerobic)
Fusobacterium nucleatum (anaerobic)

127
Q

“bread crumb” colonies
greening on air exposure
chartreuse fluorescence

A

Fusobacterium nucleatum

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