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Microbiology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Drug that causes bone marrow suppression (aplastic anemia) that targets 50S subunit

A

Chloramphenicol

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2
Q

If a bacteria produces toxin, what is the confirmatory diagnosis (to demonstrate toxin)

A

Toxigenicity assay

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3
Q

Encodes for methicillin (oxacillin) resistance

A

mecA gene

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4
Q

Fusiform/spindle shape with gliding motility

A

Capnocytophaga

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5
Q

Chemical communication within a biofilm

A

Quorum sensing

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6
Q

Has d-glutamic acid capsule (polypeptide)

A

Bacillus anthracis

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7
Q

Has polysaccharide capsule

A

H. influenzae, N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae

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8
Q

Encapsulated bacteria/fungi

“Even Some4 Super Killers Have Pretty Nice2 Big Capsules”

A

E. coli
S. pneumoniae/pyogenes/agalactiae; Staph. aureus
Salmonella
Klebsiella pneumoniae
H. influenzae
P. aeruginosa
N. meningitidis/gonorrhoea
Bacteroides fragilis
C. neoformans
Yersinia

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9
Q

All cocci are gram positive except

A

“No Boyfriend Muna para Virgin”

Gram neg cocci: Neisseria, Branhamella (Moraxella), Veilonella

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10
Q

All bacilli are gram negative except

A

“LBC CAN WELGA M”
Gram pos bacilli:

Listeria
Bacillus
Corynebacterium

Clostridium
Actinomyces
Nocardia

Weissella
Erysipelothrix
Lactobacillus
Gardnerella
Arcanobacterium

Mycobacterium

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11
Q

Gram positive bacilli
Catalase (+) “LBC”
Catalase (-) “LAGE”

A

Cat (+) Listeria, Bacillus, Corynebacterium
Cat (-) Lactobacillus, Arcanobacterium, Gardnerella vaginalis, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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12
Q

Genera with MYCOLIC ACID in cell well

“MyCoRho TsuGorNo”

A

Mycobacterium
Corynebacterium
Rhodococcus
Tsukamurella
Gordonia
Nocardia

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13
Q

Leg1onella gram stain counterstain

A

0.1% basic fuchsin

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14
Q

Bordetella per2sis gram stain counterstain

A

0.2% basic fuchsin (or safranin for 2 minutes)

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15
Q

Bipolar bodies

“bipolar si BAY”

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Yersinia pestis

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16
Q

Y. pestis bipolar bodies stain

A

Wayson stain

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17
Q

Endospore composition

A

Calcium dipicolinate/Dipicolinic acid

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18
Q

Stains for spores

A

Schaeffer-Fulton
Domer’s
Wirtz & Conklin

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19
Q

Stains for metachromatic granules (C. diph)

A

“LAMB Burke”
Loeffler’s Alkaline Methylene Blue
Burke’s modification of Gram stain
Albert’s
Neisser’s
Ljubinksy

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20
Q

Unique about Spirochetaceae

A

Motile without “true” flagella

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21
Q

Stains for flagella

A

Leifson
Gray
Fisher & Conn

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22
Q

Motility inhibited at 37C

A

Listeria, Yersinia enterocolitica

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23
Q

Tumbling motility (amphitrichous)

A

Listeria

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24
Q

Darting motility (monotrichous)

A

Campylobacter

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25
Q

Rapid darting/Shooting star motility (peritrichous)

A

Vibrio

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26
Q

Gliding motility

A

Capnocytophaga

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27
Q

Twitching motility, square-ended

A

Kingella

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28
Q

Inverted Christmas tree/Umbrella pattern in SIM

A

Listeria

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29
Q

Test tube brush pattern, H2S(+) in SIM

A

E. rhusiopathiae

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30
Q

Iron-binding compounds of bacteria that capture iron by chelation

A

Siderophores

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31
Q

Exotoxins are heat labile (60C) except

A

Staphylococcal enterotoxin

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32
Q

Most common cause of food poisoning

A

Staph aureus

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33
Q

Most potent exotoxin

A

Botulinum toxin

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34
Q

Opportunistic pathogens with exotoxin A, causes respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients

A

P. aeruginosa
(B. cepacia, S. maltophilia)

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35
Q

Bacteria capable of intracellular survival can cause

A

Granulomatous lesions
(Mycobacterium, Legionella, Brucella, Listeria, Histoplasma, Actinobacillus, Actinomycetes, K. granulomatis, B. cepacia, Treponema)

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36
Q

Post exposure investigation is done by

A

Microbiology supervisor and Safety officer

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37
Q

Exposure Control Plan is the responsibility of

A

Microbiology supervisor and Laboratory director

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38
Q

Autoclave temperature/pressure for infectious medical wastes

A

132C for 30-60 minutes

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39
Q

Inspissation temperature/time/purpose

A

75-80C for 2 hours for 3 days
Fractional heating for culture media with increased proteins (Lowenstein-Jensen media for MTB)

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40
Q

Autoclave quality control organism

A

Bacillus stearothermophilus

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41
Q

Dry heat oven and Ethylene glycol ETO quality control organism

A

Bacillus subtilis

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42
Q

Oven temperature/time

A

160-180C for 1.5-3 hours

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43
Q

Membrane filter size with 100% bacterial sterility

A

Millipore 0.22 um

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44
Q

Sterilization method for plastic syringes, catheter, gloves, ETS

A

Ionizing radiation (gamma rays)

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45
Q

Sporicidal in 3-10 hours, for bronchoscopes

A

Glutaraldehyde

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46
Q

Boiling temperature/time

A

100C 15 minutes

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47
Q

Pasteurization batch/flash method temperature/time

A

63C 30 minutes
72C 15 seconds

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48
Q

Amoeba that can survive chlorinated water but killed at 70C

A

Acanthamoeba

49
Q

Neutralize chlorine (for pool water analysis)

A

Sodium thiosulfate

50
Q

Vertical Laminar Flow BSC

A

BSC II

51
Q

Transport/holding media of S. agalactiae (vaginal swab)

A

Todd-Hewitt and LIM

52
Q

Charcoal is added to media to

A

absorb fatty acids that could kill fastidious organisms (N. gonorrhoeae, B. pertussis)

53
Q

Multi-purpose transport media that can also be used for viruses

A

Stuart’s

54
Q

Specimens that should be transported in less than 15 minutes

A

Sterile body fluids, gastric aspirate, tissue biopsy, corneal scrapings, foreign bodies (IUD, IV cath, surgical pins)

55
Q

Commercial transport system for N. gonorrhoeae

A

JEMBEC system

56
Q

Storage temp of CSF and blood in micro

A

37C

57
Q

Storage temp of serum for serologic studies

A

Frozen -20C for 1 week

58
Q

Most common agents of endocarditis

A

S. aureus, Viridans streptococci, Enterococci

59
Q

Common organisms recovered in throat/nasopharyngeal swab

A

H. influenzae, N. meningitidis, B. pertussis, S. aureus, C. diphtheriae

60
Q

Sputum specimen collection (DOH)

A

2 specimens in 1 day (Positive: 1 out of 2 samples AFB positive)

61
Q

Virus that has not been isolated in sputum

A

HBV

62
Q

SARS-CoV2 has not been isolated in what specimen

A

Urine

63
Q

Vaginal normal flora in earlier and late in life

A

Staphylococci and Corynebacteria

64
Q

Best swab for throat culture

A

Calcium alginate or Dacron swab

65
Q

Best swab for genital swab

A

plastic Dacron or Rayon swab (not wooden cotton)

66
Q

Traditional specimen for C. trachomatis

A

Urethral swab

67
Q

Acceptable specimens for gonorrhoeae

A

Eye, throat, rectal swabs
Gastric aspirate (for infants)

68
Q

Priority specimens/most critical

A

“BC STreet”
Blood, CSF, Sterile fluids, Tissue

69
Q

Swab not used for molecular techniques

A

Calcium alginate with aluminum shaft (interfere with nucleic acid amplification, not for viruses)

70
Q

Causes of diarrhea/gastroenteritis

A

Rotavirus (children)
Norovirus/Norwalk virus (adults)
C. difficile (hospitalized - antibiotic-associated diarrhea: clindamycin)

71
Q

Haemophilus satellite colonies

A

S. aureus (heat labile V factor)

72
Q

Nonhalophilic Vibrio

A

V. cholerae, V. mimicus

73
Q

Anaerobes atmosphere requirement

A

5-10% H2
5-10% CO2
80-90% N2
0% O2

74
Q

Microaerophiles

A

Campylobacter, Helicobacter

75
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

Staph, Strep, Enterobacteriaceae

76
Q

Microaerophiles atmosphere requirement

A

5-10% O2
8-10% CO2

77
Q

Capnophiles atmosphere requirement

A

5-10% CO2
15% O2

78
Q

Cryophilic organisms, need cold enrichment medium

A

Listeria monocytogenes
Yersinia enterolitica

79
Q

HACEK

A

Haemophilus, Actinobacilllus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella

80
Q

Candle jar CO2

A

3-5%

81
Q

Indicator of anaerobiosis in an anaerobic jar

A
  1. Rezasurin - colorless from pink
  2. Methylene blue - colorless from blue
82
Q

Sensitive to changes in temp

A

N. meningitidis

83
Q

Sensitive to changes in pH

A

Shigella

84
Q

Can grow up to 42C

A

“CAPH kapag mainit”
Campylobacter jejuni
Acinetobacter baumannii
P. aeruginosa
H. pylori

85
Q

Can grow up to 65C (hot springs, air conditioning towers)

A

Legionella

86
Q

Vibrio enrichment medium

A

APW (alkaliphile)

87
Q

Vibrio selective/differential medium

A

TCBS

88
Q

Bacon spoilage on vacuum-sealed container

A

Lactobacillus

89
Q

Biphasic medium for Brucella

A

Castaneda

90
Q

Growth in rice medium

A

Microsporum canis (+ growth) vs M. audoinii (-)
Both exhibit fluorescence of Wood’s lamp

91
Q

Growth medium for Chlamydia

A

McCoy cells (mouse cell line)

92
Q

Blood preferred for demonstration of beta hemolysis of Haemophilus

A

Horse blood

93
Q

Human blood not preferred for BAP because

A

contains nonspecific inhibitors
1. Citrate - inhibit growth of b-hemolytic Strep
2. Dextrose - alters hemolytic pattern

94
Q

Sucrose fermenting Vibrio

A

V. cholerae, V. alginolyticus

95
Q

Neisseria selective medium

A

Thayer-martin

96
Q

C. diphtheriae selective/differential medium

A

CTBA (Mueller tellurite)
Gun metal black colonies

97
Q

Seagull wings

A

Campylobacter, H. pylori

98
Q

Rapid urease (+)
Gastric ulcer
Lophotrichous flagella

A

H. pylori

99
Q

Alpha prime

A

Viridans strep

100
Q

Double hemolysis

A

Clostridium perfringens

101
Q

Selective medium for B. pertussis

A

Regan Lowe (Charcoal-Cephalexin agar)

102
Q

Enriched medium for B. pertussis

A

Bordet-Gengou (Potato blood glycerol)

103
Q

Selective/differential media for Salmonella Shigella

A

SSA XLD HEA

104
Q

Aerial hyphae in Tap water agar

A

Nocardia, Streptomyces, Nocardiopsis

105
Q

Increased Ca and Mg in MHA causes

A

Decreased activity of aminoglycosides to P. aeru and decreased activity of tetracyclines against all organisms

106
Q

Low pH (<7.2-7.4) in MHA causes

A

Decreased activity of ACE Aminoglycosides, Clindamycin, Erythromycin

107
Q

Disk diffusion inoculum size

A

1.5 x10^8 CFU/mL

108
Q

Broth dilution inoculum size

A

5 x10^5 CFU/mL

109
Q

0.5 McFarland composition

A

1% H2SO4 1.175%BaCl2

110
Q

Distance between erythromycin and clindamycin disk in D-test

A

15-20mm

111
Q

Red man’s syndrome
Ototoxic, nephrotoxic

A

Vancomycin

112
Q

First drug used against TB

A

Streptomycin

113
Q

ESBL bacteria

A

K. pneumoniae
E. coli

114
Q

An antimicrobial agent but not an antibiotic

A

Sulfanilamide

115
Q

May cause aplastic anemia (aplasia of BM)

A

Chloramphenicol

116
Q

Ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis

A

Erythromycin

117
Q

Treatment of choice for vector-borne diseases (leptospirosis)

A

Doxycycline

118
Q

Inhibits RNA synthesis; causes red-orange body fluids/urine; for MTB

A

Rifampicin

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