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NT - supporting supply of veterinary medicines > Parasiticides > Flashcards

Parasiticides Flashcards

1
Q

Endoparasite

A

Internal parasite

  • round worm
  • tape worm
  • lung worm
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2
Q

Ectoparasite

A

External parasite

  • fleas
  • ticks
  • lice
  • mites
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3
Q

Endoparasiticide

A

Acts on internal parasites

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4
Q

Ectoparasiticide

A

Acts on external parasites

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5
Q

Endeparasiticide

A

Acts on internal and external parasites

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6
Q

Acarids

A 
Arachnids 
- ticks
- mites
4 pairs of legs 
2 body sections
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7
Q

Acaricidal

A

Kills acarids

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8
Q

Insect

A

-Fleas
-Lice
3 pairs of legs
3 body parts

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9
Q

Insectacidal

A

Kills insects

  • fleas
  • lice
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10
Q

Ectoparasiticides kill by

A

— CNS activity - causing paralysis and death

— influencing and inhibiting growth and development

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11
Q

Anthelmentics

A

— HELMINTHS —

To kill or expell worms

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12
Q

Antiprotozoal

A

— PROTOZOA —

Drugs that act against protozoa

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13
Q

Nematocides

A

— NEMATODES —

to kill or expell nematodes (round worms)

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14
Q

Cestocides

A

— CESTODES —

To kill or expell cestodes (tape worm)

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15
Q

Trematocides

A

Drugs that act against Flukes (parasitic flat worms)

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16
Q

ORGANOPHOSPHATES

A

Stays in the coat for a long time
Acts systematically if medication give orally, but levels only persist for 24 hours

eg. - diazinon
- dichlofenthion
- malathion

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17
Q

ORGANOCHLORIDES

A

Long duration of action
Toxiticity can occur - presents as CNS stimulation
eg. - DDT
- lindane

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18
Q

CARBAMATES

A

Stays in the coat for a long time
Acts systematically if medication give orally, but levels only persist for 24 hours

Similar to organophosphates

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19
Q

HOW DO ORGANOPHOSPHATES and CARBAMATES WORK?

A

Block the action of acetylcholinesterase (stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system)

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20
Q

HOW DO ORGANOCHLORIDES WORK?

A

general Centra nervous system stimulatants

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21
Q

SIDE EFFECTS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS OF ORGANOPHOSPHATES, CARBAMATES and ORGANOCHLORIDES

A
  • salivation
  • lacrimation
  • urinination
  • dyspnoea due to broncho constriction and increased respitory secretions
  • GIT; increased motility - defecation
  • Emesis - vomiting
  • Bradycardia
  • Miosis - Mydrasis
    Muscle tremours, shaking, ataxia, paralysis
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22
Q

TREATMENT FOR INTOXICATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHATES, CARBAMATES and ORGANOCHLORIDES

A

remove the insecticide and block the parasympathetic nervous effects of the drug.
Atropine can help with ORGANOPHOSPHATES and CARBAMATE toxicity

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23
Q

WHY ARE ORGANOPHOSPHATES, CARBAMATES and ORGANOCHLORIDES DECLINING IN POPULARITY

A
  • -Resistance
  • -Side effects
  • -Toxicity
  • -Toxic to environment and animals
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24
Q

Pyrethin

A

– found in shamppos, collars and sprays

    • pyrethrin is made from extracts of chrsanthemum flowers
    • pyrethroid - synthetic version

– synthetic pyrethroids have a good repellent effects

– neurotoxins

Lipophilic, act as contact insecticides

– High margin on saftey

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25
Q

Pyrethin - how does it work?

A

Causes extending firing of nerves and muscluar spasm

rapid spasm will then cause paralysis and death of parasites

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26
Q

Pyrethin - uses?

A

flea and tick infestations

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27
Q

Pyrethin - side effects and contraindicatins

A 
PERMETHRIN can be toxic to cats if a dog preperation is used 
PYRETHROIDS are toxic to cats 
Fish can absorb through their skin and will be fatal
Signs of toxicity include: 
- salivation
- vomiting
- tremors 
- seizures
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28
Q

AMITRAZ

A

Diamide insectacide
- first effective agent afainst demodectic mange in dogs
eg - aludex

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29
Q

AMITRAZ - action

A

Increased nervous activity

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30
Q

AMITRAZ - uses

A

Treatment of demodectic mange
treatment of sarcoptic mange
effective against ticks

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31
Q

AMITRAZ - side effects and contraindications

A
  • wear gloves when handling
  • CNS depression
  • poor thermoregulation
  • NOT TO BE USED IN CATS
  • Pruritus after treatment (foreign body reaction to dead mites)
  • toxic if ingested
  • Atipamexole can be used to reverse sedative side effects of toxicity
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32
Q

Phenylpyrazole - fipronil

A

Synthetic molecule
potent insecticidal and acaricidal properties
FRONTLINE

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33
Q

Phenylpyrazole - fipronil - preperations

A

Topical spray
Spot on

POM-V
NFA - VPS
AVM - GSL

34
Q

Phenylpyrazole - fipronil - action

A

Blocks nervous system

Paralysis and death of fleas

35
Q

Phenylpyrazole - fipronil - uses

A

Adults fleas

Effective against ticks

36
Q

Phenylpyrazole - fipronil - side effects and contraindications

A
    • NOT TO BE USED ON RABBITS
  • highly toxic to some fish
  • alcohol is spray preperations can cause salivation
  • gloves should be worn when applying this product
37
Q

Neonicotinoids - Imidacloprid

38
Q

Neonicotinoids - Imidacloprid - uses

A

Flea control in dogs cats and rabbits

39
Q

Neonicotinoids - Imidacloprid - action

A

Block nerve receptors - paralysis of parasites

40
Q

Neonicotinoids - Imidacloprid - Side effects and contraindications

A

Salivation is licked or ingested

41
Q

Nitenpyram

A

Capstar - AVM - GSL

42
Q

Nitenpyram - action

A

Blocks nerve recepetors
causes hyperexcitability and death
Very rapid action
100% flea death in 3-4 hours

43
Q

Nitenpyram - excretion

A

Rapid excretion from animal - mostly in urine

44
Q

Nitenpyram - uses

A

Flea infestation

45
Q

Nitenpyram - side effects and contraindications

A

No serious side effects

Animals may scratch after administration

46
Q

Macrocylic Lactones

A

IVERMECTIN

47
Q

Macrocylic Lactones - action

A

Paralysis of parasite

48
Q

Macrocylic Lactones - uses

A

Used against broad range of Ecto and Endo in cats reptiles and small mammals
Spot on avalibale for rabbits ferrets and guinea pigs

49
Q

Macrocylic Lactones - Side effects

A

Ivomec inj, not lisence for dogs, can be toxic to CNS (collies)
can causer paralysis in chelonians

50
Q

Selamectin

A

STRONG HOLD

51
Q

Selamectin - action

A

insect paralysis - death

52
Q

Selamectin - uses

A 
Intestinal parasites
heart worm 
mites
ticks
fleas
53
Q

Selamectin - side effects and contra indications

A
    • not on young animals

- - not on sick or underweight animals

54
Q

Spinosad

55
Q

Spinosad - action

A

overstimulation offleas nervous system

56
Q

Spinosad - uses

A

flea infestation

57
Q

Spinosad - side effects and contra indications

A

not to be used on pregant or nursing bitches

can potentiate effects of ivermectin

58
Q

Metaflumizone

A

PROMERIS DUO AND PROMERIS

59
Q

Metaflumizone - action

A

paralysis of isects

60
Q

Metaflumizone - uses

A

flea infestation

61
Q

Metaflumizone side effects and contraindications

A

not recommmended for kittens and puppies <8weeks

62
Q

Fenbendazole

A

PANACUR

broad spectrum anthelmintic

63
Q

Fenbendazole - preperation

A

Granules
suspension
paste
NFA - VPS

64
Q

Fenbendazole - action

A 
Ascarids 
hook worms
whipworms
some tape worm
giardia (protozoa)
Larval stages
65
Q

Fenbendazole - action

A

Damages transport function /energy metabolism of cells in parasites

66
Q

Fenbendazole - contra indications

A

intoxication is pigeons and doves and some reptiles

67
Q

Febantel

A
  • DRONTAL PLUS
68
Q

Febantel - actions

A

interferes with energy metabolism in developmental stages of worms

69
Q

Febantel - preperations

A

oral form, mixed woth praziquantel and pyrantel

NFA - VPS / AVM - GSL

70
Q

Febantel - side effects and contraindications

A

Synergistic effects when used with pyrantel

reduced effect when used with piperazine

71
Q

Praziquantel

A 
DRONCIT
PROFENDER
MILBEMAX
DRONTAL PLUS
BROADLINE
72
Q

Praziquantel - treats

A

Wide range of cestodes

73
Q

Praziquantel - action

A

Causes worm to disintergate by reducing its resistance to digestion by the animal

74
Q

Praziquantel - side effects and contraindications

A

can cause V+/D+

Tissue sensitivity at injection site

75
Q

Milbemycin

A

POM-V effective against meatodes and mites

- MILBEMAX

76
Q

Moxidectin

A

Effective against worms and mites
POMV
POM - VPS in horses
Advocate

77
Q

Emodepide

A

Effective against a number of gastrointestinal nematodes
Licensed against for use in cats
relatively new class on anthelmentic
Within PROFENDER

78
Q

Levamisole

A

Causes muscular paralysis by interfering with carbohydrate metabolism.
Paralyses worm and allows expulsion
signs of toxicity include salivation, defecation and respiratory distress

79
Q

Pyrantel

A

DRONTAL CAT
Broad spectrum anthelmentic
Paralysis of worm
Free of adverse effects

80
Q

Piperazine

A

Heterocylic compound group
Flaccid paraysis of parasite
Large saftey margin
can be used in young animals

Large does can induce vomiting, diarrhoea, in coordination, head pressing in dogs and cats

NT - supporting supply of veterinary medicines (8 decks)

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