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NT - supporting supply of veterinary medicines > Anti-histamine and Anti-emetics > Flashcards

Anti-histamine and Anti-emetics Flashcards

1
Q

First generation antihistamines

A

antihistamines that cause a sedative side effect

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2
Q

Second generation antihistamines

A

More expensive and have been linked to heart problems, but do not have a sedative effect

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3
Q

Anti histamine - action

A

Inhibits the effects of histamine by antaganising the histamine receptors

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4
Q

First generation antihistamines - Chlopheniramine - example

A

Pirton

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5
Q

First generation antihistamines - Chlopheniramine - action

A

Binds to H1 receptor to prevent binding of histamine

Excreted in urine

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6
Q

First generation antihistamines - Chlopheniramine - uses

A 
Allergies
Anaphylactic reactions (after steroids and adrenaline)
Mild anxiety in dogs and cats
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7
Q

First generation antihistamines - Chlopheniramine - side effects

A

Sedation

May reduce the seizure threshold

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8
Q

First generation antihistamines - Cyproheptadine - examples

A

Periactin

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9
Q

First generation antihistamines - Cyproheptadine - action

A

binds to H1 receptors and serotonin receptions to block acetycholine

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10
Q

First generation antihistamines - Cyproheptadine - uses

A

Allergic skin conditions

Appetite stimulant

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11
Q

First generation antihistamines - Cyproheptadine - side effects

A

Sedation
polyphagia
weight gain
may reduce seizure threshold

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12
Q

First generation antihistamines - Diphenhydramine - examples

A

Benadryl

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13
Q

First generation antihistamines - Diphenhydramine - action

A

binds to H1 receptors

excreted in the urine

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14
Q

First generation antihistamines - Diphenhydramine - uses

A 
pruritus 
prevention of motion sickness
allergic rhinitis in birds
ferrets prior to vaccines if previous reaction
Mild sedative
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15
Q

First generation antihistamines - Diphenhydramine - side effects

A

sedation
paradoxical excitement in cats
Liquid is unpleasant

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16
Q

Second generation antihistamines - Loratadine - examples

A

Clarityn

17
Q

Second generation antihistamines - Loratadine - actions

A

binds to H1 receptors

excreted in faeces, urine and breast milk

18
Q

Second generation antihistamines - Loratadine - uses

A

management of allergic disease

19
Q

Second generation antihistamines - Loratadine - side effects

A

Drowsiness

May reduce seizure threshold

20
Q

Second generation antihistamines - Cetirizine - examples

A

Zirtec

21
Q

Second generation antihistamines - Cetirizine - action

A

Binds to H1 receptors

Excreted in urine

22
Q

Second generation antihistamines - Cetirizine - uses

A

allergic symptoms
prevent early anaphylaxsis
may help eosinophillic disease in cats

23
Q

Second generation antihistamines - Cetirizine - side effects

A

May reduce seizure threshold

contraindicated in patients with renal impairment

24
Q

Anti-emetics - action

A

blocks vomiting receptors or neurotransmitters that stimulate them

25
Q

Neurotransmitters that cause vomitting

A 
Histamine
Acetylcholine
Serotonin (toxins and irritants)
Dopamine
Substance P (pain transmitter)
26
Q

Antiemetics - ACP

A

Tranquilizer used as antiemtic for motion sickness

Blocks dopamine

Stops histamine released in response to stimulation of inner ear

27
Q

Antiemetics - Benadryl

A

Decreased impulses sent from the vestibular apparatus within the inner ear

more effective in dogs than cats - dogs have more receptors

side effect - sedation

28
Q

Antiemetics - Atropine

A

Decreased gut motility and intestinal secretions

can make vomiting worse

29
Q

Antiemetics - metocloprimide

A

Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors

More effective in dogs

Increases lower oesophageal muscle tone - reduces vomiting created by gastric stasis

side effects - sedation and frenzied behaviours in cats

30
Q

Antiemetics - maropitant

A

inhibits vomiting by blocking neurokinin receptors

used to treat vomiting induced by motion sickness or chemotherapy

Plasma bound

Pain on injection (keep in fridge)

Side effects - V+ hypersalivation and lethargy

31
Q

Antiemetics - Zofran

A

Antiemetic in chemotherapy

Serotonine antagonist

NT - supporting supply of veterinary medicines (8 decks)

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