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SP17: Micro/Immuno (Test 2) > Parasites (Stoeckel) > Flashcards

Parasites (Stoeckel) Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Parasitic disease is prevalent, but infection rates are relatively low.

A

FALSE

Many are infected, few get diseased!!

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2
Q

What parasite has the highest infection prevalence?

A

Toxoplasmosis

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3
Q

What eventually leads to a parasitic disease?

A

Prolonged, repeated, or high burden infection

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4
Q

Which infection is one of the few parasites that can be fatal?

A

Malaria

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5
Q

What are the two major parasite types?

A
  1. Protozoa

2. Helminths

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6
Q

T/F: Many parasites require human and nonhuman hosts to complete their life cycles?

A

TRUE

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7
Q

T/F: Protozoa are multi-celled complex organisms.

A

FALSE

Single-celled eukaryotes

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8
Q

T/F: Most species of protozoa are harmless.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

Are Mastigophora motile protozoa?

A

Yes! They have flagella

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10
Q

What is special about Apicomplexa?

A

They produce sporozoites following sexual reproduction

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11
Q

What are the two major infection routes of protozoa?

A
  1. Intracellular: red blood cells, macrophages

2. Extracellular: GI tract (fecal-oral)

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12
Q

What characterizes a dead-end host?

A

The parasite cannot continue life-cycle after infection in dead-end host

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13
Q

What characterizes a definitive host?

A

Reproduction occurs in the host

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14
Q

T/F: Protozoa are obligate parasites.

A

True

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15
Q

What is a reservoir?

A

A source of parasites where they can live, however the source does not directly act in transmission (ex. Dirty water)

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16
Q

Where does the developmental stages of a worms life take place?

A

In insect vectors or animal reservoirs (INTERMEDIATE hosts)

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17
Q

How do most worms reproduce?

A

Sexually

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18
Q

How do worms typically cause pathology in a human?

A

Actually eat body tissue or human has an allergic reaction to byproduct of parasite

19
Q

T/F: With worms, disease is a direct consequence of parasitic replication.

A

FALSE

Initial inoculum size determines disease

20
Q

What are the two major groups of helminths?

A
  1. Flatworms

2. Roundworms

21
Q

What are the two subdivisions of flatworms?

A
  1. Cestodes (tapeworms)

2. Trematodes (flukes)

22
Q

What is another name for roundworms?

A

Nemotodes

23
Q

Which type of worms are segmented?

A

Flatworms

24
Q

What are the most common vectors for parasites?

A

Arthropods (flies, mosquitos, ticks, etc.)

25
Q

What is a parasite vector?

A

A source of parasites where they can live and the source is actively involved in transmission (ex. Mosquitos)

26
Q

Is ingestion of contaminated food and water a reservoir or vector?

A

Reservoir

27
Q

Is penetration of unbroken skin (hookworm) while wading water an example of a reservoir or a vector?

A

Reservoir

28
Q

Is a mosquito bite allowing a worm to enter the blood stream an example of a vector or reservoir?

A

Vector

29
Q

T/F: Parasites are susceptible to host antibody and cell-mediated immune responses?

A

FALSE

Most parasites can work around the immune response

30
Q

Why might a parasite enter one person but not another?

A

Some are cell receptor dependent and some humans lack the receptors for specific parasite infections (ex. Black resistance to malaria)

31
Q

How long does it typically take from infection to clinical manifestations?

A

YEARS

32
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of schistosomiasis?

A

GI or urinary tract bleeding for years

33
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of pork tapeworm?

A

Asymptomatic in intestine -> can enter blood and CNS -> seizures

34
Q

Where is Chagas disease most prevalent?

A

South AMerica

35
Q

How do many parasites evade the immune system?

A
  1. Coat in host antigens
  2. Alter surface antigens
  3. Different proteins displayed at different life cycles
36
Q

What does malaria infect in the body?

A

Red blood cells

37
Q

Where is malaria most prevalent?

A

Africa

38
Q

What is the definitive host and vector for malaria?

A

Mosquito

39
Q

T/F: Humans are a definitive host for malaria?

A

True

40
Q

What is the vector for Babesia?

A

Tick

41
Q

What parasite is associated with cat feces and cysts in meat?

A

Toxoplasma

42
Q

T/F: There is a link between toxoplasma Gondi and schizophrenia.

A

True

43
Q

Where is Leishmania present?

A

Tropical areas

SP17: Micro/Immuno (Test 2) (13 decks)

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