Parasites GU

Question 1

Urinary Schistosomiasis

• Micro
• S/S
• transmission
• PAth
• LabDx
• Tx

Answer 1

• M: Shistosoma haem.
• S/S: Hematuria/dysuria, proteinuria
• tr: transcutaneous via swimming
• Path: Inflammatory granulomatous rxn to eggs
• LabhDx: Eggs on urine microscopy; Cystoscopy -“Sandy patches”; ELISA;
• Tx: Praziquantel

Question 2

Onchocerciasis

• Micro
• Transmission
• Path
• S/S
• Tx

Answer 2

• Micro: nematode helminth
• Transmision: Blackfly (simulium damnosum)
• Path: Chronic inflammatory response to dead microfilariae
• S/S: “River Blindness,” SubQ nodules, lymphedema -> “hanging groin;” Lepard skin;
• Tx: Ivermectin

Question 3

Echinococcosis

• Micro
• Transmission:
• S/S
• LabDx
• Tx

Answer 3

• Micro: Tapeworm larva; Echinococcis granulosus
• Transmission: contaminated food, water, a+ fur; Dogs definitive host; Humans + Sheep Intermediate
• S/S: Liver cysts (jaundice, ab pain), Lung cysts (cough, hemoptysis), Kidney Cysts; Cyst rupture -> anaphylaxis
• LabDx: CT/MRI/US; Serology
• Tx: Albendazole w/ Sx

Question 4

Toxoplasmosis

• Micro
• Transmission
• Path
• S/S
• Tx

Answer 4

• M: Toxopasma gondi Protozoan eggs in cat feces
• T: undercooked/contaminated meat/shellfish/water
• Path: Immune0madiated inflammatory reaction
• S/S: Crystluria, glomerulonephritis in immunocompromised; Many asymptomatic; B s/s; neurological + Nephrotic sign in neonates
• Tx: Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + Folic Acid

Question 5

Trichomoniasis

• Micro
• Transmission
• S/S
• LabDx
• Tx

Answer 5

• M: flagellated protozoan parasite
• T: STI
• S/S: Asymptomatic; frothy, fishy discharge pruritis, vaginitis, urethritis, dysuria, dyspareunia, prostatitis
• LabDx: URine microscopy; NAAT Test
• Tx: Metronidazole

Question 6

Malaria

• Micro
• Path
• S/S
• LabDx

Answer 6

• M: Plasmodium falciparum intracellular protozoan
• Path: Invasion of RBCs + host inflammatory response
• S/S: “Blackwater Fever;” -> hemoglobinura -> ARF/RT necrosis; B s/s, N/V, diahhrea, confusion
• LabDx: Giemsa stain

Question 7

Filariasis

• Micro
• Path
• S/S
• LabDx
• Tx

Answer 7

• M: Wuchereria bancrofti parasite transmitted by mosquito
• Path: Immune complex hypersensitivity reaction to microfilariae -> inflammation of lymphatics
• S/S: B s/s; Chyluria (“milky urine”), scrotal enlargement, funiculitis, bronchospasm, hydrocele, epidydimitis, Abscess formation, arthritis, elephantiasis
• LabDx: Retrograde pyelogram
• Tx: Diethylcarbamazine