Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MOD Exam2 > Parasites And Prions - Hillard > Flashcards

Parasites And Prions - Hillard Flashcards

1
Q

D causing protozoa

A

Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia
Cryptosporidium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

amoeba causing meningoencephalitis

A

Naegleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba
Balamuthia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi

A

mosquito borne
—> lymphatic tracts, impaired lymph drainage, = edema, fibrosis, hypertrophy
= elephantiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Onchocerca volvulus

A

black flies in tropical areas

ithchy subcutaneous nodules (including eye “river blindness”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Drancunculus medinensis

A

fresh water crustaceans (long subcutaneous worm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

parasite Helminths that effect GI and lungs

A
  1. Necator americanus (hookworm)
  2. Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm)
  3. Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

parasite helminths that effect GI and muscle

A

Trichinella spiralis (raw pork)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

parasite helminth that effect only GI

A
  1. Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)

2. Enterobius vermicularus (pinworm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

A

fish tapeworm from raw fish

- asymptomatic or non-specific GI issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hymenolepis nana

A

fecal oral from rats, or other humans

- asymptomatic or non-specific GI issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A

Hydatid Disease
colonize in dogs, eaten fecal matter or something by humans
- cysts in various organs (liver and lung included)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Schistosoma is what type

A

flatworm (platyhelinthes)

= blood fluke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Taenia is what type

A

Tapeworm (cestodes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2 types of flatworm (platyhelinthes)

A
  1. Schistosoma = blood fluke

2. Tapeworm (cestodes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

roundworms

A

Nematodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how to DX a parasite

A

Ova and Parasite Test
collect stool, centrifuge, stain, microscope
- iodine, trichome stains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Entamoeba histolytica
TR mode
SX

A

Fecal oral
asymptomatic, BLOODY diarrhea
RUQ pain (liver abscess)
fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Entamoeba histolytica toxin eroding mucosa

A

Trophozoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Giardia lamblia

TR mode

A

sewage contaminated food, water, drinking from streams not filtered or boiled
beavers, rodents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Giardia lamblia SX

A

infectious cysts

FATTY, malodorous D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum

A

water related outbreaks (drinking water while traveling, swimming pools- lives in chlorine even)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum SX

A

WATERY D, abd pain, N,V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum DX

A

see acid-fast + oocyst in stool = red stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum in HIV patients

A

persistent D

normal immunocompotent patients will have D for 10-14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Naegleria fowleri colonizes TR mode
``` fresh water (lakes, ponds, canals) traumatic implantation of water toward cribriform plate - water skiing, diving (forced up the nose) ```
26
Naegleria fowleri SX
acute meningioencephalitis : fatal in 1 week, high fever, stiff neck, mental changes, N,V, NO rash
27
Acanthamoeba TR mode SX
can contaminate sterile solutions contact lens keratitis in immunocompromised : chronic meningoencephalitis
28
Balamuthia mandrillaris SX
``` skin lesions (concomitant granulomatous) chronic meningoencephalitis ```
29
how to dx neagleria fowleri
looks like bacterial meningitis in every way CSF also has high N - only difference is motile amoeba forms in CSF can be seen
30
Balamuthia and Acanthamoeba colonize
soil and water environments
31
chronic meningoencephalitis SX
low grade fever, visual changes, behavioral abnormalities, neuro changes, worsening headache
32
Trichomonas vaginalis TR mode SX
``` STI (flagellated protozoan) -can by asymptomatic - malodorous discharge -pruritus (discharge + itching) - dysuria (common in aged women) ```
33
Toxoplasma gondii colonize TR mode
cats cat poop, raw meat TORCH infection (preg. women important)
34
Trichomonas vaginalis DX
pap smear urine vaginal wet mount
35
Toxoplasma gondii SX
congenital abnomalities : eyes, cns, stillbirth) HIV patients : encephalitis, chorioretinitis normal healthy : none, some have fever, headache
36
``` Malaria TR area Sx Dx ```
mosquito ---> RBCs (anemia) + liver tropics febrile illness (headache, muscle ache, fever) peripheral blood smear
37
malaria TR by what mosquito | and what group is this protozoan
``` Plasmodium group (4 types) tr by Anopheles mosquito ```
38
Plasmodium falciparum
most aggressive malaria, most common - fever irregular + continuous OR every 48hrs - brain dysfunction : cerebral malaria, occludes these BVs (africa)
39
Plasmodium vivax + ovale
48hr episodic fever can live in liver and appear years later = hepatosplenomegaly , spleen rupture is rare
40
Plasmodium malariae
72hr episodic fever
41
Plasmodium knowlesi
Southeast Asia mild fever, can be severe (acute kidney injury, jaundice, respiratory failure)
42
protection against Plasmodium falciparum
sicke cell anemia trait (one allele only)
43
protection against Plasmodium vivax + ovale
RBCs = have X Duffy RBC Ags
44
Intestinal Roundworm + lung involvement
1. Ascaris lumbricoides 2. Nectar americanus + Ancylostoma duodenale 3. Strongloides stercoralis
45
Intestinal Roundworm + lung involvement | location during development
lung migration
46
Intestinal Roundworm + lung involvement SX
asymptomatic, however can have nonspecific pulmonary sx (cough, sob, infiltrates) high EOSINOPHILIA
47
Nectar americanus + Ancylostoma SX specific
anemia from Fe deficiency
48
DX Nectar americanus + Ancylostoma
stool and respiratory specimen | - hookworms
49
Ascaris lumbricoides life cycle
``` from fecal to oral eggs release larvae in GI penetrating wall go into blood----> lungs cough and swallow to GI mature to adults in GI ```
50
Ascaris lumbricoides SX
can have abd pain | N,V, respiratory sx like dry cough, blood in sputum
51
Strongyloides stercoralis life cycle
larvae in soil penetrate skin and enter blood ----> lungs cough and swallow to GI mature in GI *autoinfects lungs
52
Strongyloides stercoralis are
threadworm
53
Nectar americanus + Ancylostoma duodenale life cycle
larvae in soil penetrate skin and enter blood ----> lungs cough and swallow to GI mature in GI *X autoinfects lungs
54
Nectar americanus + Ancylostoma duodenale are
hookworm
55
Strongyloides stercoralis SX
itching at site of infection edema abd discomofort, N, V, respiratory sx dry cough, blood sputum
56
Nectar americanus + Ancylostoma duodenale SX
itching at site of infection edema abd discomofort, N, V, respiratory sx dry cough, blood sputum + FE DEFICIENCY
57
``` all nematodes (roundworms) area ```
warm humid tropical areas
58
Trichuris trichiura sx
abd pain, D (can have blood) | whipworm
59
Enterobius vermicularis sx
nocturnal perianal itching pediatic disease pinworm
60
Enterobius vermicularis DX
scotch tape test | of anus
61
Trichuris trichiura + Enterobius vermicularis life cycle
oral ingestion --> GI mature
62
Trichuris trichiura DX
ova and parasite test
63
Trichinella spiralis colonizes life cycle
pork raw meat oral ---> GI penetrate into BVs ---> muscles
64
Trichinella spiralis SX
high eosinophilia | asymptomatic, or abd pain,N,V that later becomes MYALGIA, FEVER, WEAKNESS
65
Trichinella spiralis DX
muscle biopsy
66
Schistosoma colonize TR mode
fresh water released from snails ---> penetrate skin ----> Veins of GI or Bladder
67
Schistosoma SX
hypersensitivity reaction (fever, urticaria itchy rash = swimmers itch, dry cough, abd pain, myalgia)
68
chronic Schistosoma can cause
chronic fibrosing disease | bladder cancer
69
Schistosoma what is released from the snail
cerceriae
70
perivesicular veins
veins around the bladder
71
Schistosoma japonicum area sx
east asia intestinal + hepatosplenic veins (GI bleeding, fibrosis around portal vein = portal HTN----> esophageal varcies, splenomegaly)
72
Schistosoma mansoni area sx
africa + south america intestinal + hepatosplenic veins (GI bleeding, fibrosis around portal vein = portal HTN----> esophageal varcies, splenomegaly)
73
Schistosoma haematobium area sx
middle east + africa (egypt) | perivesicular veins, dysuria, hematuria, polyuria, can cause bladder cancer
74
Tapeworm Taenia species TR mode colonize
eating raw meat beef --> Taenia saginata pork ---> taenia solium
75
Tapreworms (Taenia species) are
Cestodes
76
Taenia species SX Taenia saginata taenia solium
attach to SI | asymptomatic, N, epigastric pain
77
taenia solium SX special
ingested embryonated eggs (ONLY FECAL ORAL) ---> GI---> CNS = cysticercosis : seizures, altered vision, focal neurologic signs many cystic brain lesions = neurocystercosis
78
taenia solium DX
MRI, cysts can calcify
79
Prions are
abnormally folded protein diseases
80
normal prions proteins found in
brain, PRPc
81
abnormally folded prions
PRPsc - cant be broken down = causes normal PRPc to have abnormal post- translation to PRPsc = accumulation of PRPsc
82
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy
PRPsc --> spongiform change in brain (soap bubbly) | = Creurzfeldt- Jakob disease (CJD)
83
CJD can be aquired how
latrogenic : reused surgical tools | 2. variant CJD : eating infected cow (bovine meat) --> MAD COW disease
84
how cows get CJD
eating remains of other animals = bovine encephalopathy
85
general SX of prion diseases
progressive dementia, psychiatric sx, involuntary muscle spasm, difficult speaking, abnormal behaviors, ataxia (years after in CJD)
86
Kuru prion disease specific sx
ataxia, shaking = cannibalism of dead caused this in new guinea
87
fatal familial insomnia prion specific sx
from sporatic mutation | worsening insomnia , dementia
88
DX any prion disease
brain biopsy

MOD Exam2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions