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MOD Exam2 > Bacteria - Hillard > Flashcards

Bacteria - Hillard Flashcards

1
Q

bacteria have what for DNA

A

plasmids

circular DNA that can be transducted, transformed, or conjugated to other bacteria

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2
Q

Generalized Transduction

Specialized transduction

A

Generalized : virus of bacteria picks up any part of bacterial genome
Specialized : bacteria or virus is integrated into genome of bacteria and picks specific portion of genome during activation.

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3
Q

Gram + cell wall

A

thick with peptidoglycans+ Techoic and Lipoteichoic acids

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4
Q

Gram - cell wall

A

thin with high lipid washed away with alcohol + polysaccharides
**Lipid A ENDOTOXIN

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5
Q

Staining Gram - bacteria cells

A
  1. Crystal Violet - nothing
  2. Iodine - nothing
  3. Alcohol - removes color
  4. Safranin (counterstrain or coloring it pink)
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6
Q

Gram + staining

A
  1. Crystal Violet - crystal violet (purple)
  2. Iodine - dye tapping agent (purple)
  3. Alcohol - nothing
  4. Safranin - nothing
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7
Q

staining exception in what

A
  1. Gram+ Clostridium + Bacillus (mix purple and pink)

2. Acid Fast Bacilli (TB), uses acid decolorizer (red)

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8
Q

unique features of bacillus

A

some have spores and some are club shaped

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9
Q

coccobacillus shape

A

rod and sphere shaped

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10
Q

spirochetes

A

helical shaped

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11
Q

curvilinear

A

spirilla shaped

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12
Q

spiral or helical shaped stains used

A
  1. silver stains
  2. dark field microscopy
  3. AB immunohistochemical stains
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13
Q

shape of streptococcous pnemoniae

A

diplococci

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14
Q

macule

A

flat area of discoloration < 1cm

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15
Q

Patch

A

flat circumscribed area > 1cm

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16
Q

Papule

A

a circumscribed , elevated , solid lesion < 1cm

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17
Q

Plaque

A

circumscribed elevated solid lesion > 1cm

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18
Q

Nodule

A

a palpable solid lesion > 1cm

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19
Q

Vesicles

A

small, superficial, circumscribed blister < 1cm

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20
Q

Ulcer

A

an open sore or wound (break of skin or mucous membrane)

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21
Q

Cocci catalase +

A

Staphylococcus

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22
Q

Cocci Catalase -

A

Streptococcous

Enterococcus

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23
Q

Bacilli , Spore forming

A

Bacillus (grow in O2)

Clostridium (anaerobic)

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24
Q

Bacilli, Non-spore forming

A

Corynebacterium (club shape, non mobile)

Listeria (motile at 25 degree C)

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25
Q

Catalase + looks like

function

A

reduce H2O2 to bubbles

to defend itself against M and N

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26
Q

3 types to staph

A
  1. staphylococcus aureus
  2. Staphylococcus epidermis
  3. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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27
Q

coagulase + in Staph

A

Staphylococcus aureus = activates fibrin clot

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28
Q

coagulase - in Staph

A

Staphylococcus epidermis

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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29
Q

Staphylococcus Aureus
proteins
color
gram

A

Protein A, Penicillinase, Leukocidins, Hemolysins
Staphokinase (clot destroyer), Hemolysins
Golden
Gram +

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30
Q

Hemolysins

A

destroys RBSCs

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31
Q

Protein A

A

prevents AB mediated binding and complement activation

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32
Q

4 SX in Staphylococcus aureus

A
  1. Pneumonia : after previous viral infection
  2. Endocarditis
  3. Superficial skin and underlying soft tissue infections
  4. Septic Osteomyelitis in < 12yo + elderly
  5. Gasteroenteritis
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33
Q

Staphylococcus aureus pneomonia

A

high fever, necrotizing pneumonia, PRODUCTIVE COUGH, LUNG ABSCESSES

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34
Q

Staphylococcus aureus skin stuff

A

Folliculitis, Impetigo, Cellulitis, Abscesses

pealing of skin = TSS

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35
Q

Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis fluid

A

high N and cloudy

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36
Q

Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis

A

ACUTE , fever, chills, weakness, IV drug user= tricuspid

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37
Q

rare effect of Staphylococcus aureus

A

meningitis, brain abscess

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38
Q

Staphylococcus aureus Gasteroenteritis

A

food contamination ,

ACUTE N, V, D, ABD pain from preformed enterotoxin**

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39
Q

Staphylococcus aureus scaled skin syndrome

A

usually in children
from EXFOLIATIVE TOXIN A + B
fever, poor feeding

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40
Q

3 SX of toxic shock syndrome and what causes it

A

TSST-1 toxin
1. Gasteroenteritis
2. Rash on palms and soles (pealing)
3 .Shock, Hypotension, death

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41
Q

2 other then TSS diseases that show sole and palm rash with pealing

A
  1. Syphilis

2. rocky mountain spotted fever

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42
Q

what is toxic in tampons

A

superantigen releasing TNF and IL1

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43
Q

Staphylococcus epidermis virulence factor

A

Biofilms = extracellular polysaccharide matrix adhering to foreign device + barrier against immune system

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44
Q

Staphylococcus epidermis infects how

A 
Nosocomial infection (epidermidis) = prosthetic components like heart valves, hardware, catheters, shunts
**** endocarditis it gets into blood
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45
Q

Staphylococcus epidermis epidermidis

A

endocarditis, high fever, redness of skin

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46
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus causes what

A

UTI most common community acquired one

“honeymoon cystitis”

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47
Q

Streptococcus is classified by growth pattern

A

B-hemolysis (complete)
a- hemolysis (partial)
y- hemolysis (no)

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48
Q

B-hemolysis (complete)

A

complete breakdown of of blood = clear ring around circular colony

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49
Q

a- hemolysis (partial)

A

makes green ring around colony

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50
Q

Streptococcus is classified by Lancefield classification

A

*based on C carbohydrate group
= Group A and Group B
= Lancefield classification

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51
Q

Streptococcus Pyrogenes
classification
virulence factor
EX: most common

A

B-hemolytic + Group A
M-protein —–I complement
Streptococcal pharyngitis (exudate on tonsils, fever, lymphadenopathy)

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52
Q

what can streptococcus pyrogenes lead to if untreated

A
  1. rheumatic fever

2. post-strep glomerulonephritis

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53
Q

Streptococcus pyrogenes

Streptococcal pharyngitis sx

A

(exudate on tonsils, fever, lymphadenopathy)

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54
Q

Streptococcus pyrogenes

Scarlet fever SX

A

fever, red rough rash on trunk and neck = “sandpaper” NOT ON FACE, SOLE, PALM
red strawberry tongue
+ pharyngitis

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55
Q

scarlet fever caused by what and in what age

A

pyrogenic endotoxin

school children

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56
Q

Streptococcus pyrogenes

Erysipelas SX

A

sunburn looking rash on FACE
warm to touch
60-80yo

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57
Q

Streptococcus pyrogenes

Nectrotizing faciitis

A

ACUTE infection of fascia (CT)
= purple color + PAINFUL
= need surgery

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58
Q

Streptococcus pyrogenes

cellulitis and impetigo

A

Impetigo : golden crusty rash (children)

Cellulitis : infection on skin , swollen, warm, red, blotchy

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59
Q

Streptococcus pyrogenes

Rheumatic Fever SX

A

AB and T-cell reaction against M protein Ag

  1. fever HIGH
  2. migratory polyarthritis (joints)
  3. pancarditis (mitral valve regurg, pericarditis)
  4. Subcutaneous nodules (large bumps)
  5. Red ring shaped rash (erythema marginatum)
  6. Syndenham chorea (happing, halting gait, jerking, grimacing)
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60
Q

Rheumatic fever SX happen

A

1-5 weeks after initial acute infection (streptococcal pharyngitis)

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61
Q

Streptococcus pyrogenes

Post- Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis SX

A

AB-Ag complex deposited on glomerular BM

  1. edema
  2. HTN
  3. hematuria
  4. proteinuria
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62
Q

how to test for RF or Post-strep GN

A

detection of AB to streptolysin O and DNase B

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63
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae
classification
can cause
colonizes the

A

B- hemolytic + Group B
neonatal meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis
vagina

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64
Q

3 organisms that can cause neonatal meningitis

A
  1. streptococcus agalactiae
  2. Listeria monocytogenes
  3. E coli
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65
Q 
Streptococcus pneumoniae
classification 
shape
colonizes
virulence factor 
sensitive to
A 
a-hemolytic
diplococci with CAPSULE
nasopharynx
IgA protease
* Optochin sensitive
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66
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

how to test for capsule

A

anti-capsular AB (QUELLING TEST) = swollen capsule

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67
Q

optochin

A

kills streptococcus pneumoniae

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68
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

pneumococcal pneumonia SX

A 
(common community acquired pneumonia)
1. lobar consolidation in lungs
2. high fever, chills
3. cough, SOB, CP
older then 65yo common
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69
Q

pneumococcal pneumonia after autopsy

CDC recommendation

A

heavy and diffuse consolidation

over 65yo get vaccine

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70
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Meningitis

A
  1. high fever
  2. nuchal rigidity
  3. abnormal mental status changes
    (you can also see headaches)
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71
Q

bacterial meningitis CSF

A

turbid looking
high N (normal is high monocytes)
low glucose
high protein

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72
Q

viral meningitis CSF

A

clear looking
high lymphocytes
some elevated protein
normal glucose

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73
Q

common cause of meningitis in children

A

Streptococccus pneuomoniae

74
Q

common cause of meningitis in adolescence and young adulthood

A

Neisseria meningitides

75
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Otitis Media

A

middle ear infection (6mo-24mo most common)

  1. ear pain = pulling on ear
  2. hearing loss
  3. drainage
    * ** Bulging of TM
76
Q

3 organisma causing otitis media

A
  1. streptococcus pneumoniae (gram -)
  2. Haemophilus influenza (gram -)
  3. Moraxella catarrhalis (gram -)
77
Q

spleen function

A

clears encapsulated bacteria

78
Q

aslpenia / Hyposplenism caused by

A
  1. trauma
  2. sickle cell
  3. lymphoma
79
Q

3 organisms that asplenic patients can easily get

A
  1. streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. Haemophilus influenza type B
  3. Neisseria meningitis
80
Q 
Streptococcus Viridans
classification
where is it colonized 
can cause
sensitive to
A

a- hemolytic
Dental caries (cavities, S.mutans) + GI
subacute bacterial endocarditis
NOT sensitive to OPTOCHIN**

81
Q

subacute endocarditis SX

A

in strep viridans

low fever , weakness, night sweats, low appetite, weight loss

82
Q

common way to get Streptococcus viridans

A

dental cleaning thats invasive

83
Q

organisms causing subacute bacterial endocarditis

A
  1. Streptococcus viridans

2. HACEK (also found in oral cavity flora)

84
Q 
Streptococcus Enterococci
classification
colonizes
grow on what
causes what kind of infection
A

y- hemolytic
normal bowel flora
bile + 6.5% NaCl
nosocomial opportunistic infections

85
Q

Streptococcus Enterococci TX

A

resistant to most drugs like vancomycin

86
Q

nosocomial opportunistic infections

A

wound infections, urinary tract, biliary tract, heart valves

87
Q 
Streptococcus Group D Non-Enterococci
Classification
colonizes
grows on what
causes what kind of infections
A

y-hemolytic
in GI also
Grow on ONLY BILE
nosocomial opportunistic infections (ESP S. Bovis = colon cancer)

88
Q

what causes cavities

A

Streptococcus mutans

89
Q

what causes colon cancer

A

Streptococcus Bovis

90
Q

spore forming bacteria

A

Bacillus and Clostridium(anearobic)

91
Q

2 O2 loving spore forming Bacilli organisms

A
  1. Bacillus cereus = Diarrhea

2. Bacillus anthracis = anthrax

92
Q

4 Anaerobic spore forming Bacilli organism

A
  1. Clostridium difficile = nosocomial diarrhea
  2. Clostridium Botulinum = Botulism
  3. Clostridium tetani = tetanus
  4. Clostridium perfringes = gas gangrene
93
Q

Bacillus cereus
resistant to
makes what

A

heat resistant even at cooking tempratures
makes enterotoxin over time even in hot food (when reheating food the toxin is there)
+ emetic toxin (not resistant to heat)

94
Q

enterotoxin

A

ABD cramp, N,V within 1-3hrs

from reheating a dish

95
Q

emetic toxin

A

not heat resistant

watery diarrhea within at least 8hrs

96
Q

Bacillus anthracis
structure
resistant to
colonizes where

A

encapsulated, spore forming
drying and heat, chemicals
hides, herbivore animals, soil

97
Q

Bacillus anthracis SX

A
  1. cutaneous anthrax : malignant pustule
  2. Inhalation anthrax : pulmonary spores —-> mediatinal lymph nodes = fever + myalgia –> mediastinal hemorrhage, sepsis, death
98
Q

Inhalation anthrax can be seen as

A

X-ray : mediastinal widening due to hemorrhage

99
Q

gastrointestinal anthrax and injectional anthrax

A

less common also from Bacillus anthrax

multiorgan failure and death

100
Q

Clostridium Difficile
causes what
toxins made
what do you see in these

A

anaerobic spore forming bacilli
antibiotic -associated colitis (clindamycin, penicillin, cephalosporin)
1. Toxin A : inflammation, fluid secretion (D)
2. Toxin B : toxic to colonic epithelial cells (non-bloody D + ABD pain + fever)
pseudomembranous colitits

101
Q

pseudomembranous colitits

A

many mucopurulent exudative plaques on GI

102
Q

what causes nosocomial D

A

Clostridium Difficile —-> esp after AB use

Streptococcus Enterocolitis

103
Q

other things causing pseudomembranous colitits

A

IBD

ischemic colitis

104
Q

Clostridium Difficile can spread from

A

non washing hands , fecal to oral contamination

105
Q

Clostridium Botulinum
classification
toxin effect

A

spore forming anaerobic bacilli

inhibits ACH release (neurotoxin)

106
Q

Clostridium Botulinum spread in adults

A

food borne, undercooking, canned food, raw honey, smoked fish

107
Q

Clostridium Botulinum SX in adults

A

Bilateral cranial neuropathy (vision changes, drooping of eyes and face) , descending muscle weakness, respiratory paralysis, death

108
Q

Clostridium Botulinum spread in infants

A

honey, infant powder

109
Q

Clostridium Botulinum SX in infants

A

CONSTIPATION —> due to difficulty swallowing, muscle weakness (hypotonia) = “floppy baby syndrome”

110
Q

Clostridium Tetani
classification
colonizes
toxin effects

A

spore forming, anaerobic bacilli
soil, deep puncture wounds
Neurotoxin —-I GLYCINE and GABA = sustained motor contractions

111
Q

Clostridium Tetani SX and prevention

A
  1. severe muscle spasm
  2. autonomic instability (tachy, sweating, labile BP (up and down)
  3. lockjaw
    prevent by DTAP vaccine
112
Q

Clostridium perfringens
classification
colonizes
toxin effects

A

spore forming, anaerobic bacilli
soil, deep wounds, trauma (can also from food, rare)
a- toxin (lecithinase) = lyse RBCs +endothelial cells = hemolysis and hemorrhage

113
Q

Clostridium perfringens SX

A
  1. Cellulitis + wound infections = myonecrosis (muscle necrosis)
  2. pain edema, dark purple to black skin
  3. GAS GANGRENE , CO2 made by skin
  4. crepitus to palpation (gas in tissue)
114
Q

Clostridium perfringes was seen alot in

and if eaten

A 
WW1 and WW2
necrotizing enteritis (rare)
115
Q 
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 
classification 
shape 
toxin and effect
prevention
A

non-spore, non-mobile bacilli
club shaped, pleomorphic
AB exotoxin : inactivates EF2 = no mRNA translation
vaccine DTAP

116
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae grown on

A

Loefflers medium

black color

117
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae SX

A
  1. fever, headache, cough, adenopathy,
  2. pharyngitis + pseudomembrane formation (yellow/gray exudate = DO NOT SCRAPE—-> systemic infection)
  3. Myocarditis (AV block)
  4. Neural involvement : cranial and peripheral palsies
118
Q 
Rhodococcus equi (Corynebacterium equi)
classification
shape
colonize
causes
A

non-spore, non-mobile bacilli
clubbed rod
mammals and soil
**pulmonary disease in immunocompromized ** + lung abscess, pneumonia **

119
Q

Rhodococcus equi (Corynebacterium equi) what can you see

A

X-ray : upper lung nodules, cavities with air-fluid levels

120
Q 
Listeria Monocytogenes 
classification 
shape
colonizes
virulence factor
A

non-spore, mobile, anaerobic bacilli
rod + flagella
cooler temperatures, DAIRY, MEAT, sprouts contaminated
Listeriolysion O, macrophage phagolysosome escape

121
Q

Listeria Monocytogenes effects more

A

10X more in pregnant women (advised not to eat products at risk)

122
Q

Listeria Monocytogenes at higher temperatures

A

flagella tumbling motility

123
Q

Listeria Monocytogenes SX in immunocompotents patients

A

mild flu like , gasteroenteritis (fever, headache, N,V, D) = Listeriosis

124
Q

Listeria Monocytogenes SX in neonate and fetus

A
  1. Granulomatous infantiseptica : granulomas in multiple organs, fatal,
  2. Neonatal Meningitis : due to fecal contanimation (2-3 weeks after birth)
125
Q

what 2 organisms can cause sepsis to pregnant women

A
  1. Listeria Monocytogenesis

2. Streptococcus Group B (agalactiae)

126
Q

Listeria Monocytogenes in immunocompromized patients

A

can cause meningitis (or healthy older adults) , or patients taking immunosuppressants like corticosteroids

127
Q

3 types of diplococci gram 1 bacteria

A
  1. Neisseria Meningitis
  2. Neisseria Gonorrhea
  3. Moraxella Catarrhalis
128
Q

Neisseria Meningitis
grows on
colonizes
virulence factor

A

heated blood agar (“chocolate agar”)
= Thayer-Martin agar, VCN Ab modified
colonizes nasopharynx
LPS endotoxin, capsule, IgA protease, pili

129
Q

Neisseria Meningitis susceptible to

A
  1. Neonates
  2. Military recruits
  3. College student
  4. Asplenia (hyposplenia)
130
Q

chocolate agar

A

heated lysed blood agar

131
Q

vancomycin kills

132
Q

Polymyxin kills

A

gram - except Neisseria

133
Q

nystatin kills

134
Q

Neisseria Meningitis has what toxin

A

endotoxin —-> fulminate meningococcal sepsis

135
Q

Neisseria Meningitis SX

A
  1. Meningitis : stiff neck , V,N, rash (small red purple lesions)
  2. Meningococcemia : meningitis + specticemia
136
Q

Neisseria Meningitis Meningococcemia

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome = bilateral adrenal hemorrhage + insufficiency, severe hypotension**, disseminated intravascular thrombosis, death

137
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
classification
grows on

A

gram -, diplococci

VCN (Thayer-Martin chocolate agar)

138
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae virulence factors

A

IgA protease
Pili (adherence)
Opa (prevent immune)

139
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae SX

A
  1. Urethritis (dyuria, discharge)
  2. Acute epididymis (post testicular pain+ swelling)
  3. Cervicitis : itching, discharge, ascending
  4. Pelvic inflammatory disease = infection of uterus, fallopian tube, ovaries (pain)
140
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease can cause

A

Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome
= perihepatits (inflammation of liver capsule, RUQ PAIN)
- can be from Neisseria gonorrhoeae

141
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae SX in infants

A

ophthalamia neonatorum = neonatal conjunctivitis

142
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae can rarely cause what

A

septic arthritis

143
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis
classification
grows on
colonizes

A

gram - diplococci
chocolate agar + routine blood agar
normal respiratory flora

144
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis can cause what in
elderly
children

A 
bronchopneumonia 
otis media (3rd common cause)****
145
Q

Enteric bacteria are classified as

4 classes

A

gram - part of normal GI flora

  1. Enterobacteriacease
  2. Pseudomonadaceae
  3. Bacteriodaceae
  4. Vibronaceae
146
Q

Watery Diarrhea means

A

X invasion

  1. Enterotoxigenic E. coli
  2. Vibro cholera
147
Q

Bloody Diarrhea, fever, ABD cramps means

A

intestinal epithelial invasion —-> death

  1. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
  2. Enteroinvasive E. coli
  3. Shigella
148
Q

Bloody or NO bloody (watery) Diarrhea, fever, ABD pain —-> sepsis, bacterimia means

A

Invasion of LNs or BS

  1. Salmonella typhi
  2. Yersinia enterocolitica
  3. Campylobacter jejuni
149
Q

what organisms cause GI disease

A
  1. E. Coli (UTI, D, pneumonia, neonatal meningitis)
  2. Shigella
  3. Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever, osteomyelitis)
  4. Yersinia enterocolitica
150
Q

what organisms cause nosocomial infections

A
  1. Proteus mirabilis (UTI)
  2. Klebsiella pneumoniae (pneumonia)
  3. Enterobacter Serratia (UTI, pneumonia)
  4. E. coli (UTI)
151
Q

nosocomial infections

A

from hospital, nursing home, institutional care (UTI, pneumonia)

152
Q

what organisms ferment lactose

where do they grow (what type of agar)

A

E. COLI, and many nosocomial Enterobacteriaceae

  1. PINK : on MacConkey agar**
  2. Dark black with metallic sheen : on EMB agar
153
Q

E. coli
classification
colonization
virulence factor

A

gram - bacilli
normal flora in GI
gets virulence factor from plasmid exchange or bacteriophage

154
Q

E. coli SX

A

D
Meningitis if neonatal
UTI
Pneumonia

155
Q

Enterotoxigenic E. coli SX and most common places

A

watery D + ADB cramps = travelers diarrhea

Mexico, Middle east, Africa, South America, Asia

156
Q

Enterotoxigenic E. coli

toxins

A

LT and ST toxins pulling water out + X NaCl or ion reabsorption

157
Q

Enteroinvasive E. coli usually contracted from

A

contaminated food

invades bowel = bloody D +fever

158
Q

Enteroinvasive E. coli is similar to

159
Q

Enterotoxigenic E. coli is similar to

160
Q

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
toxins
other name for it

A

Shiga-like toxin = stx1 stx2 : cell death

E. coli 0157

161
Q

what does E. coli 0157 cause

A

EHEC

  1. Hemolytic uremic syndrome : anemia thrombopenia, renal blood and damage = STX2*
  2. Hemorrhagic colitis : bloody D, ABD cramps, fever
162
Q

E. coli causes
in neonatal
in most women
in hospital

A

meningitis
UTI
pneumonia (usually weak patients)

163
Q

Shigella
classification
colonizes
most common place to get it

A

gram - bacilli, non-motile
GI
preschool, nursing home, fecal oral transmission

164
Q

Shigella SX
most common in US type
more ever type

A

HIGH FEVER, BLOODY D, abd cramps
S. sonnei (US)
S. dysenteriae in more severe (cell death by —-I 60S ribosome subunit)

165
Q

Shigella toxin

A

Shiga toxin

166
Q

Salmonella
classification
how do you get it
can cause or develop to what

A

gram - bacilli, motile, encapsulated
fecal oral transmission, contaminated food (chicken, egg, spinach)
chronic carriage in gallbladder = gallbladder adenocarcinoma (only humans)

167
Q

Salmonella typhi

A

thyphoid fever, only humans

  1. rose spots = bacteria emboli
  2. HIGH fever (STEPWISE**)
  3. diffuse colicky RUQ pain
  4. bloody D
  5. Delirium (typhoid encephalopathy)
168
Q

Salmonella non-thyphoidal

A

in animals (handling hedgehogs, turtles)

  1. N, V
  2. WATERY D* (blood or no blood)
  3. fever
169
Q

Salmonella toxin

A

BIOFILM (which can let it hide in gallbladder)

170
Q

Salmonella invade through

171
Q

stepwise fever

A

raises at day drops each morning

each raise getting higher

172
Q

rose sports can also be described as

A

erythmatous maculopapules

173
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica
classification
colonizes in

A

gram - bacilli, motile, bipolar stain

mammals, contaminated food/water (MILK)

174
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica SX

A
  1. fever
  2. ABD pain
  3. D
  4. Pseudoappendicitis (RLQ pain)
175
Q

Proteus mirabilis
classification
what toxin

A

gram - bacilli, MOTILE (swarms) = concentric rings
urease = breaks down urea —-> CO2 + NH4+
= alkaline urine
= pink in urase test

176
Q

Proteus mirabilis can have a reaction to what other organism

A

Rickettsia

177
Q

Proteus mirabilis causes

A

UTI esp in nosocomial setting

178
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae
classification
common to who

A

gram - bacilli, ENCAPSULATED

alcoholics + hospitilized patients

179
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae SX

A

pneumonia necrotizing = “currant jelly” sputum
can cause UTI (esp. with catheter)
high mortality rate

180
Q

Serratia looks

A

red on agar

grows in damp bathrooms, toilets and areas like that

MOD Exam2 (8 decks)

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