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MOD Exam2 > Bacteria - Hillard (continued) > Flashcards

Bacteria - Hillard (continued) Flashcards

1
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
classification
color
smell

A

gram - bacilli, aerobic , flagella
green-blue on agar or ulcers or active infections
smells like grape

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2
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence factors

boards

A
  1. hemolysin
    2 collagenase
  2. elastase
    PPL C, DNase)
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3
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa affects who

A 
CF
Burns
weak hospitilized 
DM if osteomyelitis
Swimmers if Otitis externa (swimmers ear)
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4
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa SX

A

pulmonary infections (bronchitis or pneumonia) –CF
swimmers ear
hot tub folliculitis
(wet damp areas)

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5
Q

Bacteroides fragilis
classification
virulence factor
colonizes

A

gram - bacilli, anaerobic
low virulence
normal bowel flora

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6
Q

Bacteroides fragilis SX

A
  1. abscesses = after traumatic bowel injury
  2. abscess from ischemic bowel perforation
  3. Deep abscesses
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7
Q

Vibronaceace cholera
classification
transmission

A

gram - comma shaped, motile

fecal oral TR, brackish + marine waters

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8
Q

Vibronaceace cholera

toxin and function

A

Cholera toxin : activated cAMP = NaCl secretion and pull water out
(like enterotoxogenic E. coli)

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9
Q

Vibronaceace cholera SX

A

watery D (1L water per hour)

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10
Q

Vibronaceace cholera vs enterotoxogenic E. coli

A

Vibro cholera is not part of normal flora

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11
Q

Vibro parahaemolyticus

TR how

A

raw seafood (oysters, sushi)

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12
Q

Vibro parahaemolyticus SX

A

WATERY D, N,V

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13
Q

Vibro vulnificus

TR how

A

raw seafood (oysters, fish handling or eating)

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14
Q

Vibro vulnificus SX of consumtion

A

SEPTICEMIA (fever, hypotension, n,v, WATERY D)

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15
Q

Vibro vulnificus SX od handling

A

progressive necrotizing hemorrhagic wound infection

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16
Q

Campylobacter jujuni
classification
TR mode

A 
gram - comma, motile
uncooked meat (chicken), unpasteurized milk
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17
Q

Campylobacter jujuni
colonizes
can react with what organism

A

SI and Colon

itself

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18
Q

Campylobacter jujuni SX

A
  1. mucosal ulceration
  2. FEVER
  3. D (blood or no blood)
  4. ABD pain
  5. can look like acute appendicitis
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19
Q

Campylobacter jujuni can cause what disease

A

Guillian- Barre syndrome
= immune mediated neuropathy —-> ascending flaccid paralysis from legs up
= pins needles paralysis
= can lead to respiratory paralysis

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20
Q

2 organisms what can present as acute appendicitis

A
  1. Campylobacter jujuni

2. Yersinia enterocolitica

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21
Q

Reiter’s Syndrome SX

A

cant pee –urethritis, cant see—-conjuctivitis, cant climb a tree —-> septic arthritis
low grade fever

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22
Q

Reiter’s Syndrome

infects how and who is susceptible

A

people with HLA-B27

abnormal immune response

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23
Q

Reiter’s Syndrome can be associated with

A

after any enteric bacterial infection

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24
Q

Helicobacter pylori
classification
toxin

A

gram - curvilinear bacilli

urease (alkaline urinealkaline breath*, pink on test)

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25
Q

H Pylori SX

A
  1. Chronic gastritis (N,V)

2. Gastric and Duodenal ulcers (pain)

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26
Q

H pylori can lead to

A
  1. B-cell lymohoma

2. Gastric adenocarcinoma

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27
Q

H-pylori TR mode

A

oral-oral or oral fecal

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28
Q

H pylori cells that you see

A

N and lymphocytes

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29
Q

Respiratory pathogens 3

A
  1. Bordetella Pertussis
  2. Legionella Pneumonophilia
  3. Haemophilus influenza
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30
Q

Bordetella pertussis
classification
virulence factors

A 
gram - bacilli highly contageous
pertussis toxin (increases cAMP = lymphocytosis, lowered phagocytosis, histamine sensitivity)
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31
Q

Bordetella pertussis SX

prevention

A

Whooping cough after 1-2 weeks of cold sx, nose and mouth secretions
can become pneumonia
DTAP vaccine

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32
Q

cell you see in Bordetella pertussis

A

lymphocytosis (few bacterial infections show this)

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33
Q

Legionella pneumophila
classification
colonizes
toxin

A

gram - bacilli
water systems
biofilms and inside amoebas

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34
Q

Legionella pneumophila can cause what SX

A
  1. Pontiac Fever : self-limited febrile illness 2-5 days

2. Legionnaire’s Disease : Multilobular pneumonia + abscess

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35
Q

Haemophilus influenzae
classification
grow on
prevention

A

gram - pleomorphic bacilli (encapsulated + non-encapsulated)
grow on HEMIN and NAD (found in chocolate agar blood)
Hib vaccine –> prevent meningitis at early age

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36
Q

Factor X

Factor V

A

Hemin

NAD

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37
Q

3 organisms that grow on chocolate agar

A
  1. Neisseria
  2. Moraxella
  3. Haemophilus influenza
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38
Q

most severe Haemophilus influenzae

A

type b = Hib

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39
Q

Haemophilus influenzae encapsulated SX

A
  1. childhood : meningitis *
  2. acute epiglottitis : fever, wheezing, drooling * = acute layrngeal spasm that can cause complete occlusion of airway, when examining larynx
  3. septic arthritis : young child
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40
Q

Haemophilus influenzae unencapsulated SX

A
  1. Otitis media*
  2. Sinusitis
  3. COPD exacerbation
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41
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi : “Chancroid”
classification
grows on
TR mode

A

gram - coccobacillus
X and V factor (hemin + NAD) agar (clumping looking)
Sexual transmitted disease : painful genital ulcer “chancroid”

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42
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi : “Chancroid” SX

A

STI : painful genital ulcer = chancroid

pus forming, painful suppurative inguinal lymphadenopathy

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43
Q

Chancroid
organism
lesion seen
LN

A

Haemophilus ducreyi
PAINFUL papule —> ulcer
PAINFUL suppurative lymphadenopathy

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44
Q

Herpes simplex
organism
lesion seen
LN

A

HSV1 + 2 virus
PAINFUL blister —> ulcer
PAINFUL lymphadenopathy
common

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45
Q

Primary Syphilis
organism
lesion seen
LN

A

Treponema pallidum
X painful ulcer
X lymphadenopathy
** common**

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46
Q

Granuloma inguinale
organism
lesion seen
LN

A

Klebsiella granulomatis
X painful papule or ulcer
X lymphadenopathy

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47
Q

Lymphogranuloma venerum
organism
lesion seen
LN

A

Chlamydia trachomatis
X painful papule or ulcer
PAINFUL suppurative lymphadenopathy

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48
Q

Garderella vaginalis
classification
colonizes
causes what

A

gram - bacilli
vagina
bacterial vaginalis (clue cells on pap smear)

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49
Q

clue cells

A

squamous epithelial cells on pap smear that have mixed flora with Garderella vaginalis

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50
Q

Garderella vaginalis SX

A

malodorous “ fishy smell” discharge pruritus, itching, dysuria (if urethra involved)

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51
Q

4 gram - zoonotic bacilli

A
  1. Yersinia pestis -faculative intracellular
  2. Francisella tularensis -faculative intracellular
  3. Brucella species -faculative intracellular
  4. Pasteurella multocida - local infection
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52
Q

faculative intracellular

A

survive in macrophages and can be transfered to LN and disseminate = systematic infection

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53
Q

Yersinia pestis classification
colonizes
vector it transferred from

A

gram - bipolar shaped
prairie dog , wild rats
from fleas

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54
Q

Yersinia pestis causes SX

A
  1. Bubonic plague : flea bite and bacteria enters, hemorrhage under skin - black death, LN hot and painful - buboes, high fever
  2. Pneumonic plague : Aerosolized human to human contact
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55
Q

Francisella tularensis
classification
colonizes
vector

A

gram -
rabbits , wild animals
tick or deerfly bite

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56
Q

Francisella tularensis SX

A
  1. Ulceroglandular tularemia : skin ulcer from bite
    (similar to bubonic plague, only with ulcer)
    = fever
    = painful lymphadenopathy
  2. Pneumonic tularemia
57
Q

Brucella species
classification
colonizes

A

gram -

domesticated animal products (unpasturized milk), infected meat, placenta

58
Q

Brucella species SX

A
  1. fever (**undulant* = high at day, low at night)
  2. night sweats
  3. anemia and leukopenia
  4. splemomegaly
59
Q

Pasteurella multocida
classification
colonizes
vector for TR

A

gram - bacilli
cats and dogs normal flora
bites or scratch from cat or dog

60
Q

Pasteurella multocida SX

A

Faculative anaerobic : localized wound infection = cellultis

61
Q

Bartonella henselae causes mainly

TR mode

A

cat scratch disease

from cat scratch or bite

62
Q

Bartonella henselae SX

A

low grade fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy, slef-limiting

63
Q

Bartonella quinrana

A

trench fever

64
Q

Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quinrana both cause what SX in (immunocompromized)

A

bacilliary angiomatosis
= vessel proliferation
= red papules or nudules on skin
(immunocompromized)

65
Q

Obligate intracellular bacteria 4 of them

A
  1. Chlamydia
  2. Rickettsia
  3. Coxiella burnetti (Q fever)
  4. Ehrlichia chaffeensis
66
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever caused by

A

rickettsia , fever rash, thrombocytopenia

67
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever with NO rash

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

68
Q

Q fever from

A

Coxiella burnetti

69
Q

Chlamydia Species
classification
toxin

A

gram -, obligate intracellular bacteria*
reticulate body : steals ATP from host
elementary body : infectious particle

70
Q

Chlamydia Trachomatis

SX in neonatal

A

neonatal blindness

71
Q

Chlamydia Trachomatis SX in adults

A
  1. Non-gonococcal urethritis (dysuria, discharge, polyuria)
  2. epididymitis
  3. mucopurulent cervicitis —-> pelvic inflammatory disease
72
Q

perihepatitis
what is is
other name or it

A

liver capsule inflammation, from pelvic inflammatory disease (chlamydia, gonorrhea)
Fitz-Hugh- Curtis syndrome

73
Q

Chlamydia Trachomatis can lead to what 5 diseases

A
  1. Trachoma : chronic eye infection, thickened eyelid pulling eyelashes into eye
  2. Neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis -> yellow discharge
  3. Perihepatitis
  4. Lymphogranulama venereum (L serotypes)
  5. occasionally Reiters syndrome
74
Q

Trachoma spreads by

A

flies

75
Q

most common STI

most common bacterial STI

A

HPV

Chlamydia

76
Q

most common cause of blindness

A

Chlamydia —> Trachoma

77
Q

Lymphogranulama venereum (L serotypes)

A

tender suppurative inguinal lympadenitis

caused by L serotypes

78
Q

Mild atypical pneumonia

from what causing this

A
  1. chlamydia pneumoniae

2. Chlamydia psittaci = psittacosis (from BIRDS)

79
Q

Mild atypical pneumonia SX

A

dry cough, low grade fever, patchy interstitial inflammatory changes = not seen in strep pneumoniae

80
Q

Rickettsia species
classification
show what special feature
TR mode

A

gram - coccobacili , obligate
Weil-Felix test + = aggulation by OX ABs
from bites like mites

81
Q

Weil-Felix test + is seen in

A

Rickettsia (not Rickettsia akari)

Proteus

82
Q

Rickettsia SX

A

fever
rash
thrombocytopenia - from endothelial damage

83
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii SX

A 
Rocky Mountain Spotten Fever
1. fever
2. centripetal rash (head, palms, soles getting less towards the middle of the body)
3. thrombocytopenia 
(central, SE USA)
84
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

TR mode

A

American dog tick

85
Q

Rickettsia Akari SX

A

large blisters eschar at bite site,
rash generalized
Weil-Felix -

86
Q

Rickettsia Akari TR mode

A

mite

87
Q

R. tsutsugamushi TR mode from where

A

mite rodents, SE asia, Pacific
= scrub typhus
(headache, fever, rash)

88
Q

R. prowazekii TR mode from where

A

louse from squirrles
= epidemic typus
(headache, fever, rash)

89
Q

R. typhi TR mode from where

A

from flea

=Murine endemic typhus

90
Q

Coxiella burnetti SX

A

Q fever

  1. fever
  2. atypical pneumonia
91
Q

Coxiella burnetti
classification
TR mode
colonization

A

gram - obligate
spore in air or dust
cattle, sheep, goats, (hide and birth products)

92
Q

Human Ehrlichiosis : Ehrlichia chaffeensis
TR mode
SX

A

ticks
like RMSF + NO RASH
SE and Central USA

93
Q

3 spirochetes

A
  1. Treponema species (syphilis, gummas)
  2. Borrelia species (lyme, relapsing fever)
  3. Leptospira species (systemic)
94
Q

Syphilis
organism
primary

A

Treponema pallidum
painless chncre ulcer in genital or anal
(3-6weeks)

95
Q

Treponema pallidum TR mode

A

skin to skin

96
Q

secondary Treponema pallidum

A

after 6 weeks
Condyloma lata(warts), red rash (palms, soles)
(6 -40 years)

97
Q

rash on palms and soles can be what 3

A
  1. Treponema pallidum in 2ndary
  2. Steptococcus aureus in TSST
  3. Rickettsia rickettsii in RMSF
98
Q

tertiary Treponema pallidum

A

lesions of skin, bones, soft tissue, =GUMMATOUS lesions

  • thoracic aneurysm
  • neurosyphilis, meningitis, tabes dorsalis
99
Q

Argyll Robinson pupil

A

seen in Treponema pallidum
pupil constricts to focus on near objects
however does not react to light

100
Q

Treponema pallidum can effect what spinal cord part

A

dorsal posterior columns = low coordination, low vibratory or positional sense

101
Q

Congenital syphilis

A

within 2 years
mucous rhinitis = snuffles
rash on palm and feet

102
Q

later congenital syphilis

A

after 2 years
tertiary syphilis sx
cardiac, neural problems, deafness, bone and teeth involvement (bowing - saber shins, fanglike teeth- hutchison teeth)

103
Q

Treponema pallidum testing is done how for screening

A

VDRL and RPR

no agar culturing

104
Q

Treponema pallidum testing is done how for DX

A

FTA-ABS and PCR

105
Q

Treponema endemicum

A

oral and skin lesions

africa, meddle east

106
Q

Treponema PERTENUE

A

skin lesions = yaws

tropical

107
Q

Treponema carateum

A

skin discoloration = pinta

latin america

108
Q 
Borrelia burgdorferi : lyme disease
classify
TR mode
colonize
where
A

spirochete
blacklegged ticks (ixodes)
deer and mice
NW, midwest

109
Q

lyme disease
organism
SX early localized

A

Borrelia burgodorferi

  1. 7-14days after, Erythma migrans (bulls eye at bite)
  2. flu like illness
110
Q

lyme disease

SX early disseminated

A 
NS involvement (bell's palsy)
heart issues
Joint pain - unilateral warm
111
Q

lyme disease

late SX

A

chronic arthritis

Encephalopathy (X memory, somnolence)

112
Q

Borrelia recurrentis
causes
from
area

A

relapsing fever
body louse
western USA

113
Q

Borrelia recurrentis SX

A
  1. high fever, muscle ace, rash at times

2. nothing then relapse after 8 days from Ag variation

114
Q

Leptospira
colonizes
organism
SX

A

urine of animals -> fresh water
Borrelia
high fever, 1 week no sx, meningitis
= Weil Disease

115
Q

Weil Disease

A

caused by Leptospira interrogans

systemic, multi-organ hemorrhagic disease

116
Q

Mycobacterium (acid fast) 3 types

A

waxy cell wall

  1. TB
  2. lepre
  3. avium complex (MAC)
117
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
TR mode
immunocompromized can see what

A

aerosolization person to person

get a lung TB that can live and reactivate when immune system gets depressed

118
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis use what type of immune response

virulence factor

A

cell mediated, M to th1 to M* = necrotizing granulomata
(also in leprosy)
Mycosides : high TNF, Th1

119
Q

Leprosy and defective T cell response

A

no killing of mycobacterium

- widespread disease = Lepromatous leprosy

120
Q

Primary Tb

SX

A

Air TR —-> lungs *middle
Fever, CP, Hilar lymphadenopathy
large necrotic cavities, effusion
healthy : asymptomatic (granulomas form)

121
Q

Ghon complex

A

hilar lymphadenopathy

caseous necrosis

122
Q

secondary Tb

A

months to years later
low grade fever, night sweats, hemoptysis (endocarditis sx if no hemoptysis)
*upper lobe
- disseminate to arteries = miliar Tb

123
Q

miliar tb

A

tb disseminated into arteries to any organ

124
Q

Pott’s disease

A

tb traveling to vertebra

perispinal abscess

125
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis DX

A

TB skin test, INF-g release assay (blood)

126
Q

Mycobacterium lepre causes

A

Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease)

127
Q

Mycobacterium lepre
TR mode
areas found
colonizes

A

prolonged contact from armqdillos
developing countries, S USA
starts effecting skin (cooler temperatures)

128
Q

Mycobacterium lepre SX

A

thickened irregular skin folds lesions

129
Q

Tuberculoid Leprosy
immune response
Sx

A

cell mediated (IFN-g, Th1)
= granulomatous inflammation
Localized skin lesions (ring shaped usually)
(unilateral skin, nerves, hair involvement)

130
Q

Lepromatous Leprosy
immune response
Sx

A

X T- cells = NO cell mediated response

= Disseminated disease, skin lesions all over body + organs (loss of digits, body disfiguration)

131
Q

Maycobacterium avium (MAC)
colonizes
SX

A

water sources

low grade fever, atypical pneumonia, cough, fatigue, malaise

132
Q

Maycobacterium avium (MAC) and HIV patients

A

high infection rate since they have low CD4 cells(<50)

= weight loss, D, Fever

133
Q

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma bacteria are what type

A

how no cell wall just cell membrane bacteria

134
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

SX

A
  1. Walking pneumonia : mild bronchitis and pneumonia
  2. Atypical pneumonia
  3. red leasions rash on hands to trunk (erythema multiforme)
135
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae DX

A 
cold agglutinins (IgM) , non-specific 
PCR/DNA probe
136
Q

Mycoplasma genitalium SX

A

urethritis (dysuria, discharge)
Cervicitis + PID
PCR

137
Q

Ureaplasma urealyticum SX

A

urethritis

PCR

138
Q

atypical pneumonia is found in 4

A
  1. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  2. Coxiella burnetti
  3. MAC
  4. Chlamydia

MOD Exam2 (8 decks)

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