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MOD Exam2 > Immune System- Singh > Flashcards

Immune System- Singh Flashcards

1
Q

NK cells function

A

Destroy stressed or abnormal cells
(Turned off my MHC 1 expression on normal cells)
(Turned on by NKG2D receptor)

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2
Q

BM

A

Primary site of hematopoiesis

B cell maturation

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3
Q

Thymus

A

T-cells mature

1. Cortex ——> medulla (contacts many APCs with MHC1 MHC2)

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4
Q

MALT

A

Payers patches, Adenoids, tonsils

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5
Q

CD 4+

A

activate M
Inflammation
Activate + proliferation of B and T cells
MHC 2

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6
Q

CD 8+

A

Killing infected cells

MHC 1

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7
Q

MHC 1

A

Virus , tumor
Uncleared cells
Ag processed to peptides by proteasome —-> ER

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8
Q

MHC 2

A

Extracellular Ags, (bacteria, allergens)

Processed into peptides —-> endolysosomal enzymes —-> endsomes vesicles

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9
Q

HLA haplotypes can cause

A

Difference in how sick you get
Allergies
Autoimmune diseases
Important for transplantation

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10
Q

B-cell differentiation

A
  1. Ab secretion
  2. Class switching
  3. Affinity maturation
    * need CD4+ cells
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11
Q

IgM

A

Biggest, pentamer

First made

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12
Q

IgG

A

Longest half-life

Cross placenta

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13
Q

IgA

A 
Mucosal defense (sinonasal infections)
High in colostrum (secretion after birth)
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14
Q

IgE

A

Short half life
Hypersensitivity
GOES TO FC receptors on MAST CELLS, BASOPHILS, EOSINOPHILS

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15
Q

Colonal selection

A

Kill self recognizing cells

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16
Q

A bunch of lymphocytes with exact same Ag

A

Lymphoma is happening

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17
Q

Hypersensitivity:

Type 1

A 
Asthma 
Anaphylaxis 
Allergy 
Urticaria )hives
Angioedema 
Lactose Intolerance
18
Q

Allergies can cause

A

Anaphylaxis
Urticaria -> hives
Angioedema

19
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity steps

A
  1. Th2 CD4
  2. B cell
  3. IgE made
  4. IL4 (class switch), IL5 (activate eosinophils), IL13 (higher IgE)
  5. IgE activates mast cells to its FceRI receptor
  6. When exposed again : mast cells release = Histamine, arachodonic acid, Leukotrines, PGE, PAF
20
Q

Mast cells release substances that cause

A

Bronchoconstriction
Bowel peristalsis
Vasodilation + permeability = edema

21
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity late phase steps

A
  1. Eosinophils come, basophils, N

2. Epithelial damage

22
Q

Eosinophilic esophagitis

A

Childhood disease of type 1 hypersensitivity (more during late phase SX) to food
= massive amounts of E made
= recurrent dysphagia (hurts to swallow)
= weight loss

23
Q

DX type 1 hypersensitivity

A

Skin prick test

24
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity

A
  1. Graves
  2. RF
  3. Vasulitis
  4. Hemolytic anemia autoimmune
  5. Thrombocytopenia purpura autoimmune
  6. Goodpasture
  7. Myasthenia gravis
  8. Pernicious anemia
  9. Insulin-resistant DM
25
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity steps for 1st kind

A

Opsonizing and phagocytosis
C3b
= gets rid of cells

26
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity steps for kind 2

A

Inflammation when Fc R is bound and activates complement

(Streptococcus, BM proteins)= damage tissue

27
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity steps for kind 3

A

Ab mediated causing cellular dysfunction
= disrupted endocrine signaling
= disrupted dneural signaling

28
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity kind 1

A

Anemia

Thrombocytopenia

29
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity kind 2

A

Goodpasture
Acute Rheumatic Fever
Vasculitis

30
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity kind 3

A

Insulin- resistant DM
Myasthenia gravis
Graves (hyperthyroidism)

31
Q

Rheumatic heart

A

Streptococcus infection, Ab made and cross react and react with similar looking Ab on the myocardium = scarring of tissue

32
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity

A

Ab-Ag complexes form no deposit, causing damage
Usually surface of BVs, skin ,kidney, heart, lungs, joint
Platelet aggregation

33
Q

Serum sickness

A

Acute rash, fever, joint pain from Serum given to someone with diphtheria antitoxin and it forms Ab-Ag complexes that deposit

34
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity EX

A 
SLE
Arthus reaction (rabbits injected with horse serum, rare to vaccination at local spot)
35
Q

How to see if there is kidney damage to type 3, type 2

A

Immunofluorescence = inject dye that is an Ab that binds to all Ab-Ag complexes (specifically Ab part) and you can see how much of kidney biopsy lights up (glomerulus)

36
Q

Immunofluroescent staining of glomerulus causing smooth linear dye stain is a

A

Type 2 hypersensitivity

= Goodpasture syndrome

37
Q

Immunofluorescence of glomerulus forming a Grainy, granular dye stain is a

A

Type 3 hypersensitivity
= lupus nephritis
= poststeptococcal glomerulonephritis

38
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity

A

T-cells
CD4+ (cytokines, inflammation)
CD8+ (activated by Ag on cells)

39
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity EX

A 
T1D (t-cells attack B cells in pancreas)
Immune granuloma formation 
MS
IBS
Dermatitis 
RA
TB
40
Q

Testing of TB

A

Injection of PPD seeing if T-cells have been exposed

= Manthoux test

41
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity are

A

Delayed type

MOD Exam2 (8 decks)

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