Parasites

Question 1

What are some ways horses can get infectious diseases?

Answer 1

pathogen in the environment
other animals
parasitic, bacterial, and viral

Question 2

what are some ways horses can get non-infectious diseases?

Answer 2

environmental conditions
genetic
nutritional

Question 3

what is one way to help keep disease breakouts under control?

Answer 3

sanitation

Question 4

what should you do with new or sick horses?

Answer 4

isolate

Question 5

what are signs of respiratory illnesses?

Answer 5

lethargy, nasal discharge, pus in eye, coughing, fever

Question 6

equine herpesvirus types 1 and 4; nasal discharge, abortion in the 8th to 11th month or weak foal.

Answer 6

rhinopneumonitis

Question 7

high fever, cough, nasal discharge

Answer 7

influenza

Question 8

foal pneumonia

Answer 8

rhodococcus

Question 9

streptococcus bacterium; young horses most susceptible; high temperature, abscesses; vaccination when epidemics occur

Answer 9

strangles

Question 10

“lock jaw” caused by Clostridium tenant, “nerve-tissue posion”

Answer 10

tetanus

Question 11

clostridium botulinum, “shaker foal syndrome”; adults exhibit paralysis, staggers

Answer 11

botulism

Question 12

“sleeping sickness” fever, trouble seeing, stagger (WEE. EEE, VEE)

Answer 12

encephalomyelitis

Question 13

(EIA) swamp fever, viral disease, fever, anemia, weight loss, edema, and death, coggins test for EIA

Answer 13

equine infectious anemia

Question 14

symptoms develop between 3-14 days after being bitten by affected mosquito; ataxia, depression, weakness of limbs, partial paralysis and death

Answer 14

west Nile virus

Question 15

water and feed contaminated by protozoa, muscle atrophy, ataxia, $$$

Answer 15

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis

Question 16

eastern, western, encephalomyelitis

Answer 16

annual

Question 17

tetanus (toxoid)

Answer 17

annual

Question 18

antitoxin (at time of injury)

Answer 18

annual

Question 19

5, 7, and 9 months of often in high risk areas

Answer 19

rhinopneumonitis (equine herpesvirus type 1 and 4)

Question 20

check for epidemic areas if vaccination is needed

Answer 20

west Nile virus

Question 21

annually or more often if put in high risk situations

Answer 21

influenza

Question 22

what are parasites?

Answer 22

small organisms that live on or in a host organism and derive their food from it, can be beneficial or detrimental; must control harmful parasites

Question 23

what reduces growth, performance, digestive efficiency, lowers visual appeal, damage to organs, fatal sometimes

Answer 23

parasite infestations

Question 24

what are some symptoms of parasite infestations?

Answer 24

weakness, poor body condition, emaciation, “potbelly”, tucked up flanks, rough hair coat, slow growth

Question 25

what are external parasites?

Answer 25

ticks, lice, mites, chiggers, gnats, mosquitos, flies

Question 26

among the largest parasites, problem in young horses, older horses develop immunity, damage liver, heart, lungs and can black small capillaries and blood vessels, coughing and nasal secretions seen in infected foals

Answer 26

ascarids (roundworms)

Question 27

what eggs are very resistance to environmental conditions and can live for years

Answer 27

ascarid eggs

Question 28

54 species of large and small infest horses control is based on life cycle grazing with cattle and sheep helpful

Answer 28

strongyles

Question 29

what type of strongyles is less pathogenic?

Answer 29

small

Question 30

what type of strongyles cause arterial damage and development of small blood clots in arteries?

Answer 30

large

Question 31

not very damaging to the horses, causes an itching sensation around the anus area so horses rub tail

Answer 31

pinworms

Question 32

foals very susceptible, causes "foal heat scours" in young foals, disappears when foal acquires immunity (~6 months old)

Answer 32

threadworms

Question 33

attach to the stomach wall (or remain free) responsible for "summer sores"

Answer 33

stomach worms

Question 34

3 species of botflies affect horses | causes damage to stomach

Answer 34

stomach bots

Question 35

infestation frequency is low in most areas | horses doesn't usually show clinical signs

Answer 35

tapeworms

Question 36

what are some ways to help with parasite control?

Answer 36

fecal removal and disposal, regular deworming, pasture rotation and management, keep fly populations to a minimum

Question 37

what dewormer is very popular, kills invading larvae?

Answer 37

Ivermectin

Question 38

what dewormer is very good except for bots and stomach worms?

Answer 38

benzimidazoles (fenbendazole)

Question 39

what dewormer is good for bots and stomach worms?

Answer 39

organophosphates

Question 40

what is always a threat?

Answer 40

resistance