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Intro to Equine Science > Parasites > Flashcards

Parasites Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are some ways horses can get infectious diseases?

A

pathogen in the environment
other animals
parasitic, bacterial, and viral

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2
Q

what are some ways horses can get non-infectious diseases?

A

environmental conditions
genetic
nutritional

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3
Q

what is one way to help keep disease breakouts under control?

A

sanitation

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4
Q

what should you do with new or sick horses?

A

isolate

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5
Q

what are signs of respiratory illnesses?

A

lethargy, nasal discharge, pus in eye, coughing, fever

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6
Q

equine herpesvirus types 1 and 4; nasal discharge, abortion in the 8th to 11th month or weak foal.

A

rhinopneumonitis

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7
Q

high fever, cough, nasal discharge

A

influenza

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8
Q

foal pneumonia

A

rhodococcus

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9
Q

streptococcus bacterium; young horses most susceptible; high temperature, abscesses; vaccination when epidemics occur

A

strangles

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10
Q

“lock jaw” caused by Clostridium tenant, “nerve-tissue posion”

A

tetanus

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11
Q

clostridium botulinum, “shaker foal syndrome”; adults exhibit paralysis, staggers

A

botulism

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12
Q

“sleeping sickness” fever, trouble seeing, stagger (WEE. EEE, VEE)

A

encephalomyelitis

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13
Q

(EIA) swamp fever, viral disease, fever, anemia, weight loss, edema, and death, coggins test for EIA

A

equine infectious anemia

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14
Q

symptoms develop between 3-14 days after being bitten by affected mosquito; ataxia, depression, weakness of limbs, partial paralysis and death

A

west Nile virus

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15
Q

water and feed contaminated by protozoa, muscle atrophy, ataxia, $$$

A

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis

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16
Q

eastern, western, encephalomyelitis

A

annual

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17
Q

tetanus (toxoid)

A

annual

18
Q

antitoxin (at time of injury)

A

annual

19
Q

5, 7, and 9 months of often in high risk areas

A

rhinopneumonitis (equine herpesvirus type 1 and 4)

20
Q

check for epidemic areas if vaccination is needed

A

west Nile virus

21
Q

annually or more often if put in high risk situations

A

influenza

22
Q

what are parasites?

A

small organisms that live on or in a host organism and derive their food from it, can be beneficial or detrimental; must control harmful parasites

23
Q

what reduces growth, performance, digestive efficiency, lowers visual appeal, damage to organs, fatal sometimes

A

parasite infestations

24
Q

what are some symptoms of parasite infestations?

A

weakness, poor body condition, emaciation, “potbelly”, tucked up flanks, rough hair coat, slow growth

25
Q

what are external parasites?

A

ticks, lice, mites, chiggers, gnats, mosquitos, flies

26
Q

among the largest parasites, problem in young horses, older horses develop immunity, damage liver, heart, lungs and can black small capillaries and blood vessels, coughing and nasal secretions seen in infected foals

A

ascarids (roundworms)

27
Q

what eggs are very resistance to environmental conditions and can live for years

A

ascarid eggs

28
Q

54 species of large and small infest horses
control is based on life cycle
grazing with cattle and sheep helpful

A

strongyles

29
Q

what type of strongyles is less pathogenic?

A

small

30
Q

what type of strongyles cause arterial damage and development of small blood clots in arteries?

A

large

31
Q

not very damaging to the horses, causes an itching sensation around the anus area so horses rub tail

A

pinworms

32
Q

foals very susceptible, causes “foal heat scours” in young foals, disappears when foal acquires immunity (~6 months old)

A

threadworms

33
Q

attach to the stomach wall (or remain free) responsible for “summer sores”

A

stomach worms

34
Q

3 species of botflies affect horses

causes damage to stomach

A

stomach bots

35
Q

infestation frequency is low in most areas

horses doesn’t usually show clinical signs

A

tapeworms

36
Q

what are some ways to help with parasite control?

A

fecal removal and disposal, regular deworming, pasture rotation and management, keep fly populations to a minimum

37
Q

what dewormer is very popular, kills invading larvae?

A

Ivermectin

38
Q

what dewormer is very good except for bots and stomach worms?

A

benzimidazoles (fenbendazole)

39
Q

what dewormer is good for bots and stomach worms?

A

organophosphates

40
Q

what is always a threat?

A

resistance

Intro to Equine Science (13 decks)

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