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Intro to Equine Science > Breeds And Colors Not On Breed I.D. and Early Horse Types > Flashcards

Breeds And Colors Not On Breed I.D. and Early Horse Types Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are forest type horses?

A

heavy, large, forest browsers, large hooves, dense coats, long feathers on fetlocks, not built for speed, closest relative is a draft horse

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2
Q

what are steppe type horses?

A

large head and ears, stiff mane, strong compact body, hooves long and narrow, quick and agile, best represented by Przewalski’s horses

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3
Q

what are plateau type horses?

A

lighter build than forest or steppes, smaller, refined head, long slender legs, medium sized hooves, thought to give rise to many light pony breeds

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4
Q

what are tundra type horses?

A

coarse head, wide long back, sturdy leg, thick fur and long mane and tail, roamed Northeast Europe
closest relative is native ponies in Siberia

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5
Q

who were the Scythians?

A

archers and nomads, invaded the near east around 800 BC, had 1st recorded geldings, wealth measured in horses

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6
Q

who were the Chinese?

A

horse drawn war chariots between 1450-1050 BC, Chinese “light cavalry” refined use of riding with saddle, 3rd century BC used in great numbers, 7th century AD considered complete horsemen

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7
Q

who were the Roman army?

A

existed for more than 4 centuries, infantry to calvary

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8
Q

What happened to the Roman Empire and when?

A

fall of Roman Empire around 467 and lasted 700 years

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9
Q

what were the Dark Ages?

A

learning and invention stagnated, horses used for battle, hunting, eventually adapted to new roles particularly in agriculture

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10
Q

when did Spanish conquistadors bring horses to America?

A

late 1400s and early 1500s

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11
Q

what role did horses play in the Renaissance?

A

horses assumed a more prominent role in transportation goods and people

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12
Q

Unicorn was what type of folklore?

A

European Folk

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13
Q

Centaur was what type of folklore?

A

Greek Mythology

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14
Q

Pegasus was what type of folklore?

A

Greek Mythology

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15
Q

Sleipnir was what type of folklore?

A

Norse mythology

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16
Q

What two people set out in early 1500s?

A

Coronado set out for North America with several hundred horsemen, Desoto’s expedition with several hundred horses and was the 1st governor of Mexico had 1500 horses

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17
Q

what were horses used for in 1800s colonization?

A

hauled goods, pulled cabs and carriages, plowed fields, essential part of economy

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18
Q

What were mules in such demand for?

A

Heavy farm machinery and coal mines

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19
Q

what are Urban horses used for?

A

horse powered mass transit, hauled cargo from railroads, steamships, canal boats (drafts), fire protection, pleasure wagon

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20
Q

what was the name of the land grant act?

A

Morrill land Grant Act

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21
Q

what type of horses started to decline in the mid 1950s

A

decline of draft horses

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22
Q

how many horses are currently in the US?

A

9 million horses

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23
Q

what is the term for donkey/ass?

A

Equus Africanus Asinus

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24
Q

what is a jack?

A

a male donkey

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25
Q

what is a Jenny?

A

a female donkey

26
Q

what is the cross between a jack and mare?

A

mule

27
Q

what is the cross between a stallion and jenny?

A

hinny

28
Q

describe hotblood characteristics

A

light horses, 12-17.5 hands, 900-1400 lbs, flightly depending on breed, riding, racing, and driving

29
Q

what breed is considered the true hotblood?

A

Arabians

30
Q

describe Arabians

A

oldest and purest of all breeds, refined head and dished profile

31
Q

describe Andalusian / Lusitano

A

originated in Spain and Portugal, dressage, cattle work, mounted bullfighting

32
Q

describe the Appaloosa

A

Leopard, spotted blanket, trace back to Spanish conquistadors and were prized by the Nez Perce’ Indians

33
Q

describe the Lipizzaner

A

Spanish bloodlines of Austria, best suited for dressage, pleasure driving, riding

34
Q

describe the Morgan

A

traces back to one stallion, Justin Morgan, named after a music teacher in Vermont

35
Q

describe the Mustangs

A

wild horse of North America

36
Q

describe Tennessee walking horse

A

developed as an exceptionally comfortable riding horse, flat-foot walk, and running walk

37
Q

describe the American quarter horse

A

1/4 mile run, brought to America by Spanish conquistadors and bred for all-around work

38
Q

describe the Thoroughbred

A

worlds supreme racehorse

39
Q

What are the three founding fathers of the thoroughbreds?

A

Byerley Turk, Darley Arabian and Godolphin Arabian

40
Q

describe the American Standardbred

A

harness racing, used to upgrade trotters and pacers

41
Q

what was the name of the English thoroughbred that was considered the American Standardbred sire?

A

Messenger

42
Q

describe the Percheron

A

originated in La Perche, in south Normandy, known for great strength and courage

43
Q

describe the Belgian

A

originated in Belgium, knowns as “Gentle Giant”

44
Q

describe the Danish Warmblood

A

specifically developed for dressage and show jumping

45
Q

describe the Oldenburg

A

Germany’s heaviest type of warmblood

46
Q

who played a leading role in the development of the Oldenburg?

A

Count Anton Gunther von Oldenburg

47
Q

describe the Trakehner

A

closest warmblood in appearance to a thoroughbred, organized breeding started in 1732 in Prussia

48
Q

describe the Holstein

A

one of the oldest of German warmbloods, originally prized as tough, active carriage horses

49
Q

describe the Cleveland Bay

A

bred to produce a fine coach horse, known for active pace and stamina, descends from horses in Northeast England since medieval times

50
Q

describe the Shire

A

descends from medieval warhorse known as the “Great Horse” and is England’s heavy horse, roman nose and docile

51
Q

describe the Clydesdale

A

from Scotland, docile, elegant

52
Q

describe the Suffolk

A

Britain’s oldest heavy breed, called “Suffolk Punch”

53
Q

All Suffolk’s trace back to a single stallion named?

A

Crisp horse of Ufford

54
Q

describe the Friesian

A

noble

55
Q

describe the Saddlebred

A

developed by early 19th century settlers in southern states of North America, formerly known as “Kentucky saddler”

56
Q

describe the Missouri Fox Trotter

A

bred in Ozark hills of Missouri

57
Q

describe the Dutch Warmblood

A

competition horse of the Netherlands

58
Q

describe the Peruvian Paso

A

lateral gait and horse’s forelegs are out to the side when moving

59
Q

what are Cob horses?

A

heavy, used for pulling and driving, Draft and thoroughbred mix

60
Q

what are Hack horses?

A

horse with an easy gait, thoroughbred

61
Q

describe a pony

A

less than 14.2 hands, 500-900lbs, riding, driving, to be a pony must be under 14.2 hands

Intro to Equine Science (13 decks)

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