Breeds And Colors Not On Breed I.D. and Early Horse Types Flashcards
what are forest type horses?
heavy, large, forest browsers, large hooves, dense coats, long feathers on fetlocks, not built for speed, closest relative is a draft horse
what are steppe type horses?
large head and ears, stiff mane, strong compact body, hooves long and narrow, quick and agile, best represented by Przewalski’s horses
what are plateau type horses?
lighter build than forest or steppes, smaller, refined head, long slender legs, medium sized hooves, thought to give rise to many light pony breeds
what are tundra type horses?
coarse head, wide long back, sturdy leg, thick fur and long mane and tail, roamed Northeast Europe
closest relative is native ponies in Siberia
who were the Scythians?
archers and nomads, invaded the near east around 800 BC, had 1st recorded geldings, wealth measured in horses
who were the Chinese?
horse drawn war chariots between 1450-1050 BC, Chinese “light cavalry” refined use of riding with saddle, 3rd century BC used in great numbers, 7th century AD considered complete horsemen
who were the Roman army?
existed for more than 4 centuries, infantry to calvary
What happened to the Roman Empire and when?
fall of Roman Empire around 467 and lasted 700 years
what were the Dark Ages?
learning and invention stagnated, horses used for battle, hunting, eventually adapted to new roles particularly in agriculture
when did Spanish conquistadors bring horses to America?
late 1400s and early 1500s
what role did horses play in the Renaissance?
horses assumed a more prominent role in transportation goods and people
Unicorn was what type of folklore?
European Folk
Centaur was what type of folklore?
Greek Mythology
Pegasus was what type of folklore?
Greek Mythology
Sleipnir was what type of folklore?
Norse mythology
What two people set out in early 1500s?
Coronado set out for North America with several hundred horsemen, Desoto’s expedition with several hundred horses and was the 1st governor of Mexico had 1500 horses
what were horses used for in 1800s colonization?
hauled goods, pulled cabs and carriages, plowed fields, essential part of economy
What were mules in such demand for?
Heavy farm machinery and coal mines
what are Urban horses used for?
horse powered mass transit, hauled cargo from railroads, steamships, canal boats (drafts), fire protection, pleasure wagon
what was the name of the land grant act?
Morrill land Grant Act
what type of horses started to decline in the mid 1950s
decline of draft horses
how many horses are currently in the US?
9 million horses
what is the term for donkey/ass?
Equus Africanus Asinus
what is a jack?
a male donkey
what is a Jenny?
a female donkey
what is the cross between a jack and mare?
mule
what is the cross between a stallion and jenny?
hinny
describe hotblood characteristics
light horses, 12-17.5 hands, 900-1400 lbs, flightly depending on breed, riding, racing, and driving
what breed is considered the true hotblood?
Arabians
describe Arabians
oldest and purest of all breeds, refined head and dished profile
describe Andalusian / Lusitano
originated in Spain and Portugal, dressage, cattle work, mounted bullfighting
describe the Appaloosa
Leopard, spotted blanket, trace back to Spanish conquistadors and were prized by the Nez Perce’ Indians
describe the Lipizzaner
Spanish bloodlines of Austria, best suited for dressage, pleasure driving, riding
describe the Morgan
traces back to one stallion, Justin Morgan, named after a music teacher in Vermont
describe the Mustangs
wild horse of North America
describe Tennessee walking horse
developed as an exceptionally comfortable riding horse, flat-foot walk, and running walk
describe the American quarter horse
1/4 mile run, brought to America by Spanish conquistadors and bred for all-around work
describe the Thoroughbred
worlds supreme racehorse
What are the three founding fathers of the thoroughbreds?
Byerley Turk, Darley Arabian and Godolphin Arabian
describe the American Standardbred
harness racing, used to upgrade trotters and pacers
what was the name of the English thoroughbred that was considered the American Standardbred sire?
Messenger
describe the Percheron
originated in La Perche, in south Normandy, known for great strength and courage
describe the Belgian
originated in Belgium, knowns as “Gentle Giant”
describe the Danish Warmblood
specifically developed for dressage and show jumping
describe the Oldenburg
Germany’s heaviest type of warmblood
who played a leading role in the development of the Oldenburg?
Count Anton Gunther von Oldenburg
describe the Trakehner
closest warmblood in appearance to a thoroughbred, organized breeding started in 1732 in Prussia
describe the Holstein
one of the oldest of German warmbloods, originally prized as tough, active carriage horses
describe the Cleveland Bay
bred to produce a fine coach horse, known for active pace and stamina, descends from horses in Northeast England since medieval times
describe the Shire
descends from medieval warhorse known as the “Great Horse” and is England’s heavy horse, roman nose and docile
describe the Clydesdale
from Scotland, docile, elegant
describe the Suffolk
Britain’s oldest heavy breed, called “Suffolk Punch”
All Suffolk’s trace back to a single stallion named?
Crisp horse of Ufford
describe the Friesian
noble
describe the Saddlebred
developed by early 19th century settlers in southern states of North America, formerly known as “Kentucky saddler”
describe the Missouri Fox Trotter
bred in Ozark hills of Missouri
describe the Dutch Warmblood
competition horse of the Netherlands
describe the Peruvian Paso
lateral gait and horse’s forelegs are out to the side when moving
what are Cob horses?
heavy, used for pulling and driving, Draft and thoroughbred mix
what are Hack horses?
horse with an easy gait, thoroughbred
describe a pony
less than 14.2 hands, 500-900lbs, riding, driving, to be a pony must be under 14.2 hands
