Health Management Flashcards
what are some ways a horse can get an infectious disease?
pathogen in the environment, other animals, parasitic, bacterial and viral
what are some ways a horse can het a non-infectious disease?
environmental conditions; management, genetic, nutritional
non-infectious diseases are not often cured by what?
meds
what were the two examples listed as non-infectious diseases?
herda, rain rot
what is the best way to help prevent breakouts of diseases in herds?
sanitation
what should you do with new or sick horses in your herd?
isolate
what does lethargy mean?
lack of energy
signs of respiratory illness
lethargy, nasal discharge, pus in eye, cough, fever
equine herpesvirus types 1 and 4; nasal discharge and abortion in the 8th to 11th month or weak foal
rhinopneumonitis
high fever, cough, nasal discharge
influenza
foal pneumonia
rhodococcus
streptococcus bacterium, young horses most susceptible, high temperature, abscesses, vaccination when epidemic breaks out
strangles
“lock jaw” caused by clostridium tenant, “nerve-tissue poison”
tetanus
clostridium botulinum, “shaker foal syndrome” adults exhibit paralysis, staggers
botulism
“sleeping sickness” fever, trouble seeing, stagger, (WEE, EEE, VEE)
encephalomyelitis
swamp fever, viral disease, fever, anemia, weight loss, edema, and death, coggins test
equine infectious anemia (EIA)
symptoms develop between 3-14 days after being bitten by affected mosquito; ataxia, depression, weakness of limbs, partial paralysis and death
west nile virus
water and feed contaminated by protozoa, muscle atrophy, ataxia, similar to other problems, treatment is $$$
Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis
what are three annual shots?
eastern, western, encephalomyelitis
annual (toxoid) or at time of injury (antitoxin)
tetanus
equine herpesvirus type 1 and 4, 5, 7, 9 months are often in high risk areas
rhinopneumonitis
west nile virus
check for epidemic areas
west nile virus
annually or more often put in high risk situations
influenza
what are parasites?
small organisms that live on or in a host organism and derive their food from it
parasites can be what?
detrimental or beneficial; must control harmful parasites
parasite infestations can do what?
reduce growth, performance, digestive efficiency, lower visual appeal, damage to organs, fatal sometimes
symptoms of parasite infections?
weakness, poor body condition, emaciation, potbelly, tucked up flanks, rough hair coat, slow growth
ticks, lice, chiggers, gnats, mosquitos, flies are what type of parasites?
external
among the largest parasites, problem in young horses, older horses develop immunity, damage everything in the body, coughing and nasal secretions seen in infected foals, eggs are very resistant to environmental conditions and can live for years, keep environment free from egg contamination and deworm
ascarids (roundworms)
54 species of large and small infest horses, small less pathogenic than large
large cause arterial damage and small blood clots in arteries
grazing with cattle and sheep are helpful because they eat the eggs and still function as normal, routine deworming
strongyles
not very damaging to the horses, causes an itching sensation around the anus area, so horse rubs tail
pinworms
foals are very susceptible, causes “foal heat scours” in young foals, disappears when foal acquires immunity (~6 months old)
threadworms
attack to stomach wall (or remain free), responsible for “summer sores
stomach worms
3 species of botflies affect horses, damage to stomach
stomach bots
infestation frequency is low in most areas, horses doesn’t usually show clinical signs
tapeworms
fecal removal and disposal, regular deworming, pasture rotation and management, keeping fly populations down are all ways to help what?
parasite control
popular, kills invading larvae
ivermectin
good expect for bots and stomach worms
benzimidazoles (fenbendazole)
good for bots and stomach worms
organophosphates
resistance is always a what?
threat
you need to do what with your dewormers?
rotate
