General Nutrition Flashcards
the science of how the body uses nutrients in feeds to sustain life and for productive purposes
nutrition
proper nutrition is essential for proper what?
function
what is not a nutrient but is produced by them?
energy
any chemical substance in the diet that supports or maintains life processes
nutrient
a nutrient that is required in the diet
essential nutrient
what is the most abundant and cheapest nutrient?
water
how much water can horses drink daily?
10-12 gallons
what are the three sources that horses get water from?
drinking, feedstuffs, metabolic H2O
what are the five functions of water?
transports nutrients biochemical reactions in the cell regulation of body temperature solvent for solid components lubricates and cushions joints
what does CHO stand for?
Carbohydrates (grains)
what does NSC stand for?
non-structural
how is NSC digested?
enzymes
NSC is what?
easily digestible
what does NSC give you lots of when it digested?
energy
what does SC stand for?
structural
what does SC require for digestion?
microorganisms
SC is what?
less digestible
lignins are what?
insoluble
what is SC stored as in animals?
glycogen
what is the primary use of glycogen?
direct energy
energy needs what?
vary
what is readily utilized and provides much of the horse’s dietary energy?
non-structural
what is mainly digested and absorbed in the small intestine?
non-structural
what breaks down fiber into usable organic acids (VFA’s)
microorganism
horses are what?
continuous grazers
what is a long chain of amino acids, made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulphur?
protein
what is a basic structural unit and components of lean tissue?
protein
contains enzymes, protein hormones and immune system
metabolism
horses must have a good, complete source of what in their diet?
protein
what determines the horse’s requirements for protein?
age and activity
what are lipids/fats made up of?
esters of fatty acids and glycerol
how much more energy does lipids provide than carbohydrates or proteins on an equal weight basis?
2.25x more energy
lipids supply essential fatty acids needed for what?
reproduction
energy supply, heat, insulation, protection of internal organs, necessary for the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
lipids
what is digested more slowly than CHO or protein?
fat
what does fat add to a coat?
shine
organic compounds, needed in small amount for growth and maintenance of animals, necessary for metabolic reactions in cell (coenzymes or prosthetic groups)
vitamins
regulation of body functions: vision, blood clotting, etc.
growth: bone development
fat-soluble vitamins
used for body metabolic regulation
water soluble vitamins
vitamins cannot be what within the body in sufficient amounts
synthesized
high quality, leafy, green forages plus plenty of sunshine usually gives horses most of what?
vitamins needed
inorganic components (bone, teeth), very important part of body’s enzyme systems, serve in mineral/vitamin inter-relationships, maintain acid-base balance
minerals
what two minerals have a kind of “balancing act”?
calcium and phosphorus
what are the three things needed for horses in using minerals?
adequate supply of Ca and P; suitable ratio; enough Vitamin D for assimilation and utilization of both
horses digestive system is what?
non-ruminant herbivore, hindgut fermenter, monogastric
digestive system in order
mouth/esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine containing the cecum, great colon, and small colon, then the rectum
mouth/esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine containing the cecum, great colon, and small colon, then the rectum
digestive system in order
prehension
process by which the animal brings food into its mouth by biting and grasping
prehension
process of chewing food to mechanically reduce size of food particles
mastication
the mixing of saliva with food during mastication
salivation
the passing of food to the stomach by peristaltic waves of muscle contraction
deglutition
small, feed small meals frequently
stomach
never feed more than what in BW of concentrate at one time?
0.75%
horse can eat how much total dry matter per day?
2.5-3.0% BW/D
how much feed should a horse get in good quality roughage?
1.0%-1.5% BW/D
what are the three components of the small intestine?
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
bile and pancreatic enzymes are secreted and is a major site of chemical breakdown of food
duodenum (digestion)
longest part of the small intestine, main function is absorption of nutrients into the blood stream
jejunum (absorption)
link to large intestine, some absorption occurs, but primarily it serves as the connection to the large intestine
ileum
what are the three parts of the large intestine?
colon, caecum, rectum
what is the function of the large intestine?
scavenge water, electrolytes, vitamins, minerals, and VFA’s (organic acids)
