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Step 1 AB > Parasite > Flashcards

Parasite Flashcards

1
Q

Congenital Toxoplasmosis

A

Deafness, Chorioretinitis, Hydrocephalus, Intracranial calcifications

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2
Q

How does Naegleria fowleri enter the body?

A

It enters via the cribriform plate and goes into the CNS

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3
Q

Associations of Naegleria fowleri

A

Freshwater
Water sports
Nasal irrigation systems and contact solution

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4
Q

Toxoplasmosis on CT/MRI

A

Ring enhancing lesions

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5
Q

Transmission of Toxoplasmosis

A

Cysts in undercooked meat

Oocysts in cat feces

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6
Q

Treatment for Toxoplasmosis

A

Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine

Prophylaxis in AIDS patients with CD4 count

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7
Q

Enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever, somnolence, coma

A

African Sleeping Sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei

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8
Q

Transmission of Trypanosoma brucei

A

Tsetse fly (painful bite)

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9
Q

Giardia associations

A

Camping

Mountain streams

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10
Q

Treatment for Giardia

A

Metronidazole

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11
Q

Pathogenicity of Giardia

A

Stimulates mucus production that impairs absorptive capacity of intestine

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12
Q

Trophozoites with RBCs in the cytoplasm

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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13
Q

Bloody diarrhea, liver abscess, RUQ pain

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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14
Q

Severe diarrhea in AIDS

A

Cryptosporidium

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15
Q

Each Cryptosporidium oocyst has….

A

4 sporozoites

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16
Q

Pathogenicity of Cryptosporidium

A

Sporozoites attach to intestinal wall causing diarrhea and small intestine damage

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17
Q

Treatment for Crytposporidium

A

Prevention - filtering water supplies
Nitazoxanide in immuncompetent hosts
Spiramycin

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18
Q

Vaginitis - Foul smelling, greenish discharge, itching and burning

A

Trichomonas - a flagellated protozoa (motile)

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19
Q

Strawberry cervix

A

Trichomonas

20
Q

Treatment for Trichomonas

A

Metronidazole for patient AND partner

21
Q

Disease caused by Trypanosoma Cruzi

A

Chagas disease

22
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy with apical atrophy, megacolon, megaesophagus

A

Chagas disease

23
Q

Characteristic acute sign of Chagas disease

A

Romaña sign - unilateral periorbital swelling characteristic of acute stage

24
Q

Chagas vector

A

Reduviid bug (painless bite)

25
Q

Diagnosis of Chagas disease

A

Blood smear

26
Q

Treatment for Chagas disease

A

Benznidazole or Nifurtimox

27
Q

Leishmania donovani disease

A

Visceral leishmaniasis

28
Q

Spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia in person from South America, Africa or Middle East

A

Visceral leishmaniasis

29
Q

Transmission of Leishmaniasis

A

Sandfly

30
Q

Diagnosis of Leishmaniasis

A

Macrophages containing amastigotes

31
Q

Where does Leishmania donovani multiply? Symptoms because of that?

A

Multiplies in the reticuloendothelial system; causes pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, fevers`

32
Q

Leishmania braziliensis

A

CUTANEOUS Leishamaniasis (erythematous papule that expands and boils)

33
Q

Treatment for Leishmaniasis

A 
Amphotericin B
Sodium Stibogluconate (for cutaneous)
34
Q

Intestinal Nematodes

A 
Enterobius vermicularis - pinworm
Ascaris lumbricoides - giant roundworm
Strongyloides stercoralis
Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale - hookworms
Trichinella spiralis
35
Q

Intestinal infection causing anal pruritis (diagnosed by seeing egg via tape test)

A

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

36
Q

Intestinal infection with possible obstruction at ileocecal valve (blood –> lung –> GI)

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

37
Q

Transmission of Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Larvae in soil penetrate the skin

38
Q

Transmission of Necatur americans, Ancylostoma duodenal

A

Larvae penetrate the skin

39
Q

Intestinal infection causing vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain (may feel like peptic ulcer)

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

40
Q

Auto infects itself –> larvae hatch from eggs laid in the intestinal wall and repenetrate wall, enter blood stream

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

41
Q

NO eggs in stool, only larvae

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

42
Q

Intestinal infection causing ANEMIA by sucking blood from intestinal walls

A

Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale

43
Q

Transmission of Trichinella spiralis

A

Fecal-oral; undercooked pork

44
Q

Intestinal infection; larvae enter bloodstream and encyst in STRIATED muscle cells –> inflammation of muscle

A

Trichinella spiralis

45
Q

Fever, vomiting, nausea, PERIORBITAL EDEMA, MYALGIA

A

Trichinella spiralis

46
Q

Mechanism of Bendazoles

A

Microtubule inhibitors - they might cause more obstruction with Ascaris and DON’T GIVE to pregnant women (Pyrantel pamoate instead)

Step 1 AB (29 decks)

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