Parasite

Question 1

Congenital Toxoplasmosis

Answer 1

Deafness, Chorioretinitis, Hydrocephalus, Intracranial calcifications

Question 2

How does Naegleria fowleri enter the body?

Answer 2

It enters via the cribriform plate and goes into the CNS

Question 3

Associations of Naegleria fowleri

Answer 3

Freshwater
Water sports
Nasal irrigation systems and contact solution

Question 4

Toxoplasmosis on CT/MRI

Answer 4

Ring enhancing lesions

Question 5

Transmission of Toxoplasmosis

Answer 5

Cysts in undercooked meat

Oocysts in cat feces

Question 6

Treatment for Toxoplasmosis

Answer 6

Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine

Prophylaxis in AIDS patients with CD4 count

Question 7

Enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever, somnolence, coma

Answer 7

African Sleeping Sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei

Question 8

Transmission of Trypanosoma brucei

Answer 8

Tsetse fly (painful bite)

Question 9

Giardia associations

Answer 9

Camping

Mountain streams

Question 10

Treatment for Giardia

Answer 10

Metronidazole

Question 11

Pathogenicity of Giardia

Answer 11

Stimulates mucus production that impairs absorptive capacity of intestine

Question 12

Trophozoites with RBCs in the cytoplasm

Answer 12

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 13

Bloody diarrhea, liver abscess, RUQ pain

Answer 13

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 14

Severe diarrhea in AIDS

Answer 14

Cryptosporidium

Question 15

Each Cryptosporidium oocyst has….

Answer 15

4 sporozoites

Question 16

Pathogenicity of Cryptosporidium

Answer 16

Sporozoites attach to intestinal wall causing diarrhea and small intestine damage

Question 17

Treatment for Crytposporidium

Answer 17

Prevention - filtering water supplies
Nitazoxanide in immuncompetent hosts
Spiramycin

Question 18

Vaginitis - Foul smelling, greenish discharge, itching and burning

Answer 18

Trichomonas - a flagellated protozoa (motile)

Question 19

Strawberry cervix

Answer 19

Trichomonas

Question 20

Treatment for Trichomonas

Answer 20

Metronidazole for patient AND partner

Question 21

Disease caused by Trypanosoma Cruzi

Answer 21

Chagas disease

Question 22

Dilated cardiomyopathy with apical atrophy, megacolon, megaesophagus

Answer 22

Chagas disease

Question 23

Characteristic acute sign of Chagas disease

Answer 23

Romaña sign - unilateral periorbital swelling characteristic of acute stage

Question 24

Chagas vector

Answer 24

Reduviid bug (painless bite)

Question 25

Diagnosis of Chagas disease

Answer 25

Blood smear

Question 26

Treatment for Chagas disease

Answer 26

Benznidazole or Nifurtimox

Question 27

Leishmania donovani disease

Answer 27

Visceral leishmaniasis

Question 28

Spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia in person from South America, Africa or Middle East

Answer 28

Visceral leishmaniasis

Question 29

Transmission of Leishmaniasis

Answer 29

Sandfly

Question 30

Diagnosis of Leishmaniasis

Answer 30

Macrophages containing amastigotes

Question 31

Where does Leishmania donovani multiply? Symptoms because of that?

Answer 31

Multiplies in the reticuloendothelial system; causes pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, fevers`

Question 32

Leishmania braziliensis

Answer 32

CUTANEOUS Leishamaniasis (erythematous papule that expands and boils)

Question 33

Treatment for Leishmaniasis

Answer 33

``` Amphotericin B Sodium Stibogluconate (for cutaneous) ```

Question 34

Intestinal Nematodes

Answer 34

``` Enterobius vermicularis - pinworm Ascaris lumbricoides - giant roundworm Strongyloides stercoralis Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale - hookworms Trichinella spiralis ```

Question 35

Intestinal infection causing anal pruritis (diagnosed by seeing egg via tape test)

Answer 35

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

Question 36

Intestinal infection with possible obstruction at ileocecal valve (blood --> lung --> GI)

Answer 36

Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 37

Transmission of Strongyloides stercoralis

Answer 37

Larvae in soil penetrate the skin

Question 38

Transmission of Necatur americans, Ancylostoma duodenal

Answer 38

Larvae penetrate the skin

Question 39

Intestinal infection causing vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain (may feel like peptic ulcer)

Answer 39

Strongyloides stercoralis

Question 40

Auto infects itself --> larvae hatch from eggs laid in the intestinal wall and repenetrate wall, enter blood stream

Answer 40

Strongyloides stercoralis

Question 41

NO eggs in stool, only larvae

Answer 41

Strongyloides stercoralis

Question 42

Intestinal infection causing ANEMIA by sucking blood from intestinal walls

Answer 42

Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale

Question 43

Transmission of Trichinella spiralis

Answer 43

Fecal-oral; undercooked pork

Question 44

Intestinal infection; larvae enter bloodstream and encyst in STRIATED muscle cells --> inflammation of muscle

Answer 44

Trichinella spiralis

Question 45

Fever, vomiting, nausea, PERIORBITAL EDEMA, MYALGIA

Answer 45

Trichinella spiralis

Question 46

Mechanism of Bendazoles

Answer 46

Microtubule inhibitors - they might cause more obstruction with Ascaris and DON'T GIVE to pregnant women (Pyrantel pamoate instead)