Aortic Arch derivatives Flashcards
Artery of 1st aortic arch
Maxillary artery (branch of external carotid)
Artery of 2nd aortic arch
Stapedial artery and hyoid artery
Artery of 3rd aortic arch
Common Carotid artery and proximal part of internal Carotid artery
Artery of 4th aortic arch
Left - aortic arch
Right - proximal part of right subclavian artery
Artery of 6th aortic arch
Proximal part of pulmonary arteries and (on LEFT) ductus arteriosus
a. What are branchial clefts derived from?
b. Branchial arches?
c. Branchial pouches?
a. Ectoderm
b. Mesoderm and neural crest
c. endoderm
What does 1st branchial cleft become?
External auditory meatus
What do 2nd through 4th branchial clefts become?
Form temporary cervical sinuses –> obliterated by proliferation of 2nd arch mesenchyme
Cause of branchial cleft cyst within lateral neck
Persistent cervical sinus (2nd-4th clefts)
Nerve of 1st branchial arch
CN V2 and V3 (chew)
Nerve of 2nd branchial arch
CN VII (Facial expression) (smile)
Nerve of 3rd branchial arch
CN IX (Stylo-pharyngeus) (think swallow styl-ishly)
Nerve of 4th branchial arch
CN X (superior laryngeal branch) - swallow
Nerve of 6th branchial arch
CN X (recurrent laryngeal branch) - speak
Muscles of 1st arch
Muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids), Mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini
Muscles of 2nd arch
Muscles of facial expression; Stapedius, Stylohyoid, PlatySma, posterior belly of digastric
Muscles of 3rd arch
Stylopharyngeus (think stylopharyngeus innervated by glossopharyngeal)
Muscles of 4th arch
Most pharyngeal constrictors; cricothyroid; levator veli palatini
Muscles of 6th arch
ALL intrinsic muscles of larynx EXCEPT cricothyroid
Cartilage of 1st arch
Meckel cartilage
Mandible
Malleus, Incus
Spheno-Mandibular ligament
Cartilage of 2nd arch
Reichert cartilage: Stapes, Styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, Stylohyoid ligament
Cartilage of 3rd arch
Greater horn of hyoid
Cartilage of 4th and 6th arch
Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate, cuneiform
1st pouch derivatives
Middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, mastoid air cells
2nd pouch derivatives
Epithelial lining of palatine tonsil
3rd pouch derivatives
Dorsal wings - inferior parathyroids
Ventral wings - thymus
4th pouch derivatives
Dorsal wings - superior parathyroids
Mutation in germline RET (neural crest cells)
MEN2A –> pheochromocytoma, parathyroid tumor, medullary thyroid cancer
Failure of fusion of maxillary and medial nasal processes
cleft lip (formation of primary palate)
Failure of fusion of 2 lateral palatine processes or failure of fusion of lateral palatine processes with nasal septum and/or median palatine process
cleft palate
a. Paramesonephric duct becomes…
b. Mesonephric duct becomes…
a. Mullerian duct = female genitalia
b. Wolffian duct = male genitalia
Which cells secrete Mullein Inhibitory factor?
Sertoli cells
What does paramesonephric duct develop into?
Fallopian tubes, uterus, UPPER portion of vagina, lower portion of urogenital sinus
Primary amenorrhea in female with fully developed secondary sexual characteristics (functional ovaries)
Mullerian agenesis (no uterus)
What does mesonephric duct become? (SEED)
Seminal vesicle
Epididymis
Ejaculatory duct
Ductus deferens
Gartner duct
Remnant of mesonephric duct in females
What forms male external genital and prostate?
DHT
Male internal genitalia
Ambiguous external genitalia until puberty
5 alpha reductase deficiency (testosterone levels increased at puberty)
Male and female internal genitalia
Male external genitalia
No sertoli cells or lack of mullerian inhibitory factor
Bicornuate uterus
Incomplete fusion of Mullerian ducts
Uterus didelphys
Complete failure of fusion –> double uterus, vagina and cervix
