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Step 1 AB > Aortic Arch derivatives > Flashcards

Aortic Arch derivatives Flashcards

1
Q

Artery of 1st aortic arch

A

Maxillary artery (branch of external carotid)

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2
Q

Artery of 2nd aortic arch

A

Stapedial artery and hyoid artery

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3
Q

Artery of 3rd aortic arch

A

Common Carotid artery and proximal part of internal Carotid artery

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4
Q

Artery of 4th aortic arch

A

Left - aortic arch

Right - proximal part of right subclavian artery

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5
Q

Artery of 6th aortic arch

A

Proximal part of pulmonary arteries and (on LEFT) ductus arteriosus

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6
Q

a. What are branchial clefts derived from?
b. Branchial arches?
c. Branchial pouches?

A

a. Ectoderm
b. Mesoderm and neural crest
c. endoderm

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7
Q

What does 1st branchial cleft become?

A

External auditory meatus

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8
Q

What do 2nd through 4th branchial clefts become?

A

Form temporary cervical sinuses –> obliterated by proliferation of 2nd arch mesenchyme

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9
Q

Cause of branchial cleft cyst within lateral neck

A

Persistent cervical sinus (2nd-4th clefts)

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10
Q

Nerve of 1st branchial arch

A

CN V2 and V3 (chew)

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11
Q

Nerve of 2nd branchial arch

A

CN VII (Facial expression) (smile)

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12
Q

Nerve of 3rd branchial arch

A

CN IX (Stylo-pharyngeus) (think swallow styl-ishly)

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13
Q

Nerve of 4th branchial arch

A

CN X (superior laryngeal branch) - swallow

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14
Q

Nerve of 6th branchial arch

A

CN X (recurrent laryngeal branch) - speak

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15
Q

Muscles of 1st arch

A

Muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids), Mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini

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16
Q

Muscles of 2nd arch

A

Muscles of facial expression; Stapedius, Stylohyoid, PlatySma, posterior belly of digastric

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17
Q

Muscles of 3rd arch

A

Stylopharyngeus (think stylopharyngeus innervated by glossopharyngeal)

18
Q

Muscles of 4th arch

A

Most pharyngeal constrictors; cricothyroid; levator veli palatini

19
Q

Muscles of 6th arch

A

ALL intrinsic muscles of larynx EXCEPT cricothyroid

20
Q

Cartilage of 1st arch

A

Meckel cartilage
Mandible
Malleus, Incus
Spheno-Mandibular ligament

21
Q

Cartilage of 2nd arch

A

Reichert cartilage: Stapes, Styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, Stylohyoid ligament

22
Q

Cartilage of 3rd arch

A

Greater horn of hyoid

23
Q

Cartilage of 4th and 6th arch

A

Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate, cuneiform

24
Q

1st pouch derivatives

A

Middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, mastoid air cells

25
Q

2nd pouch derivatives

A

Epithelial lining of palatine tonsil

26
Q

3rd pouch derivatives

A

Dorsal wings - inferior parathyroids

Ventral wings - thymus

27
Q

4th pouch derivatives

A

Dorsal wings - superior parathyroids

28
Q

Mutation in germline RET (neural crest cells)

A

MEN2A –> pheochromocytoma, parathyroid tumor, medullary thyroid cancer

29
Q

Failure of fusion of maxillary and medial nasal processes

A

cleft lip (formation of primary palate)

30
Q

Failure of fusion of 2 lateral palatine processes or failure of fusion of lateral palatine processes with nasal septum and/or median palatine process

A

cleft palate

31
Q

a. Paramesonephric duct becomes…

b. Mesonephric duct becomes…

A

a. Mullerian duct = female genitalia

b. Wolffian duct = male genitalia

32
Q

Which cells secrete Mullein Inhibitory factor?

A

Sertoli cells

33
Q

What does paramesonephric duct develop into?

A

Fallopian tubes, uterus, UPPER portion of vagina, lower portion of urogenital sinus

34
Q

Primary amenorrhea in female with fully developed secondary sexual characteristics (functional ovaries)

A

Mullerian agenesis (no uterus)

35
Q

What does mesonephric duct become? (SEED)

A

Seminal vesicle
Epididymis
Ejaculatory duct
Ductus deferens

36
Q

Gartner duct

A

Remnant of mesonephric duct in females

37
Q

What forms male external genital and prostate?

A

DHT

38
Q

Male internal genitalia

Ambiguous external genitalia until puberty

A

5 alpha reductase deficiency (testosterone levels increased at puberty)

39
Q

Male and female internal genitalia

Male external genitalia

A

No sertoli cells or lack of mullerian inhibitory factor

40
Q

Bicornuate uterus

A

Incomplete fusion of Mullerian ducts

41
Q

Uterus didelphys

A

Complete failure of fusion –> double uterus, vagina and cervix

Step 1 AB (29 decks)

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