PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUES Flashcards
what are the 7 types of Paragraph Development Techniques?
- definition
- exemplification
- persuasion
- analogy, comparison and contrast
- cause and effect
- classification
- explanation or discussion
it is a technique that the topic is developed by DEFINING a term connected to the topic. It is the method of trying to UNDERSTAND THE MEANINNGS OF A WORD or an expression.
- Definition
What are the two (2) types of definition?
- denotation (primary or literal definition of a word based on a dictionary)
- connotation (secondary meaning of a word and how people understand a word based on their own experiences)
formula in Definition:
TGD (Term, Genus, Differentia)
part of a valid definition where the actual word is being defined (Ex: cheetah)
- term
part of a valid definition where the classification or group where the term belongs (Ex: a member of Felidae family)
- genus
part of a valid definition where the characteristic or trait distinguishing the word uniquely compared to other members of its genus or classification (Ex: known for its exceptional speed)
- differentia
it is a technique where the method that illustrates the idea being developed by listing, enumerating and giving examples to reinforce the statement or make the ideas clear.
- Exemplification
What are the contents you can use to give examples in Exemplification? (6)
- Visual illustrations (It appeals to the sense of sight to concretize abstract concepts like poverty. In case of poverty, you can describe beggars on the streets knocking on car windows when the traffic light is red, of malnourished people in rundown houses, or of tall commercial and private villages compared to a mass of informal settlers)
- Facts (These are concepts, ideas, and statements that are generally assumed to be true and real. Facts given as examples are useful in supporting your point as most people accept these facts as already a part of reality that they are almost always uncontested.)
- Anecdotes (These are brief narratives within a piece of writing. They don’t necessarily serve as the focus, rather, as supporting points or claims that explain or elaborate the author’s intended argument.)
- Details (When enumerating details, you are zooming in your focus on the smaller or more specific parts for analysis.)
- Opinions (As opposed to facts, opinions are individual interpretations of people on certain events, situations, ideas, and/or concepts, opinions naturally vary from one person to another due to people’s different backgrounds and personalities.)
- Observations (Appeal to the five (5) human senses. This can be done anytime.)
Two (2) types of Persuasion?
- Persuasive texts (give the reader a balanced amount of the subject and it uses a neutral, objective tone.)
- Argumentative texts (convince others of the truth or falseness of an undecided matter.)
what are the difference of Persuasive texts and Argumentative texts?
- Persuasive texts are objective, stating the pros and cons and letting the readers decide what side to choose. Wherein Argumentative texts focuses on giving one side and oppose the other side and convincing the readers on what they are saying.
What are the three (3) factors in influencing your audience/reader?
- Logos (or appealing to the audience’s logic, i.e., when you argue, you use well-supported and well-developed facts.)
- Pathos (or appealing to the audience’s emotions.)
-Ethos (the appeal to credibility. Having ethos means that you’re a respectable
information source. You build your reputation with honesty and sound judgment.)
what are the three (3) types of audience/reader to consider?
- Supportive audience (You can assume that there is a big possibility that they will side with your arguments. Logos is not much needed here. Instead, maximize your
pathosto drive your point successfully.) - Wavering audience (They are not readily accepting your ideas. They may listen to you but that does not necessarily mean they automatically believe what you are saying. Make use of your logos to win their support and you may want to build up your ethos as a credible, reputable, and respectable source of information.)
- Hostile audience (– This type of audience is the most difficult to please and to win. You can even assume that they represent the opposing stance of the issue you are about to tackle. Lessen the use of pathos since they are antagonistic. Stick to your logos as you have a good chance of being somewhat believed – but not necessarily sided with.)
simpler definitions for the three (3) types of audience/reader to consider:
- Supportive audience are your close friends, family and relatives, victims and the families affected that will agree to you.
- Wavering audience are those who are not affected with the issue that’s why they can’t fully agree to your stand.
- Hostile audience are your opponent as they are antagonizing audience. They don’t agree with your stand.
what are the definitions of Analogy, Comparison and Contrast?
- Analogy for citing similarities
- Contrast for citing differences of either object to make the idea clear
- Comparison for comparing ideas by pointing out similarities and differences
