MODULE 6: Paragraph Flashcards
where did the term PARAGRAPH comes from?
- Greek word paragraphos which means “to write beside” or “written beside” (Bargo, 2014)
According to Cidro, et al., 2016, what is a paragraph?
- a paragraph is a piece of writing that focuses on ONE topic or idea.
what are the ELEMENTS of a paragraph?
- unity
- order
- emphasis
- coherence
makes a clear reading by discussing the topic from the beginning sentence and ends with the last. there is nothing that distracts the reader from a clear understanding of the text.
- unity
the orderly movement of ideas refers to the relationships of the sentences in the paragraph
- order
there are five (5) types of ORDERLY RELATIONSHIP of sentences. What are those?
- Chronological Relationship
- Space Relationship
- Inductive (Particular/Specific to General)
- Deductive (General to Particular/Specific)
events are presented in the natural order by which they occur, like first, second, next, and so on until the last.
- chronological relationship
very effective when reporting an observation because it describes movement or action from one place to another. One descriptive detail to the next.
- space relationship
example is presentation of pieces of evidence before arriving to a conclusion or general statement
- inductive (P/S-G)
writer begins with a general statement, and then moves on to details or proofs
- deductive (G-P/S)
this element enables you to highlight the ideas you wish to emphasize
- emphasis
overall understanding of what you say or write
- coherence
what are the ten (10) types of TRANSITIONAL WORDS to connect words and sentences smoothly?
- addition
- cause and effect
- comparison
- place
- contrast
- emphasis
- example
- restatement
- time
- conclusion and summary
examples of addition
- and, also, furthermore, moreover, besides, first, second, third, in
addition, in the first place, in the second place, to begin with, next, finally
examples of cause and effect
- as a result, then, therefore, thus, consequently, for this
reason, accordingly, and so, hence, so
examples of comparison
- by the same token, in similar fashion, likewise, similarly, in like
manner, in the same way
examples of place
- in back of, in front, nearby, on top of, to the left, to the right, above,
alongside, beneath, beyond, farther along, under, upon
examples of contrast
- but, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, in contrast, instead,
nevertheless, still, yet
example of emphasis
- definitely, indeed, in fact, no, yes
examples of example
- to illustrate, as an example, for example, for instance, particularly,
specifically
examples of restatement
- in short, in other words, in simpler terms, that is, to put it
differently, to repeat
examples of time
- recently, meanwhile, previously, simultaneously, afterward, at the same
time, then, until now, in the future, in the meantime, in the past, later, currently, earlier, formerly, immediately, subsequently
examples of conclusion and summary
- thus, in conclusion, on the whole, to conclude, to summarize, and so, after all, at
last, finally, in brief, in closing
most important sentence in the paragraph, states the central idea and usually a generalization.
- topic sentence
what do we also call a topic sentence?
- thesis statement
every paragraph needs _____ _____ to elaborate on the topic sentence.
- supporting details
there are three (3) types of supporting details. what are those?
- descriptive (tells how something looks, sounds, feels, smells, or tastes)
- narrative (details give specific pieces of action)
- illustrative (details explain, illustrate with specific examples or instances)
the ___ is the final sentence of a paragraph and its purpose is to summarize the key ideas and give paragraph proper closure.
- conclusion
