PARA- 1ST QUIZZZ Flashcards
FFH
He was the first scientist to introduce the single lens microscope.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
He successfully identified the organisms that had caused a mysterious disease in silkworms and endangered the French silk industry.
Louis Pasteur
founded the field of tropical medicine
Patrick Manson
He showed the transmission of malarial parasites by mosquitoes.
Ronald Ross
He discovered the malariaal parasite.
Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran
He introduced the word “zoonosis”.
Rudolf Virchow
is the area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism on another.
PARASITOLOGY
concerned primarily with parasites of humans and their medical significance, as well as their importance in human communities.
MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY
is a branch of medicine that deals with tropical diseases and other special medical problems of tropical regions.
TROPICAL MEDICINE
is an illness, which is indigenous to or endemic in a tropical area but may also occur in sporadic or epidemic proportions in areas that are not tropical.
TROPICAL DISEASE
Parasitic infection is found in MAN alone.
ANTHROPONOSIS
animals become INFECTED in the life cycle of the parasite.
ZOOANTHROPONOSIS
Parasitic infection is mainly in animal, may be acquired by man.
ANTHROPOZOONOSIS
are living organisms, which depend on a living host for their nourishment and survival.
PARASITE
They multiply or undergo development in the host.
PARASITE
a parasite living outside the body of a host.
ECTOPARASITE
a parasite living inside the body of a host.
ENDOPARASITE
these need a host at some stage of their life cycle to complete development and to propagate their species.
OBLIGATE PARASITE
may exist in a free-living state or may become parasitic when the need arises.
FACULTATIVE PARASITE
it is found in an organ which is not its usual habitat.
ERRATIC PARASITE
which the parasite is not usually found.
ACCIDENTAL PARASITE
lives on the host only for a short period of time.
TEMPORARY PARASITE
remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life.
PERMANENT PARASITE
free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host.
SPURIOUS PARASITE:
Parasite that parasitizes another parasite.
HYPERPARASITE:
Mistaken as parasite.
PSEUDOPARASITE:
defined as an organism, which harbors the parasite and provides nourishment and shelter to the latter and is relatively larger than the parasite.
HOST
CLASSIFICATIONS OF HOSTS
DEFINITIVE HOSTS
INTERMEDIATE HOSTS
PARATENIC HOSTS
RESERVOIR HOSTS
ACCIDENTAL HOSTS
is one in which the parasite obtains sexual maturity.
DEFINITIVE HOSTS
harbors the asexual or larval stage of the parasite.
INTERMEDIATE HOSTS
infect the pork tapeworm
Taenia solium
beef tapeworm
Taenia saginata
the parasite does not develop further to later stages.
PARATENIC HOSTS
allow parasite’s life cycle to continue and become an additional source of infection.
RESERVOIR HOSTS
which the parasite is not usually found.
ACCIDENTAL HOSTS
prolonged association between two or more different biological species
SYMBIOSIS
in which two species live together and one species benefits from the relationship without harming or benefiting the other.
COMMENSALISM-
in which two organisms mutually benefit from each other.
MUTUALISM
where one organism, the parasite, lives in or on another, depending on the latter for its survival and usually at the expense of the host.
PARASITISM
2 types of exposure
INCUBATION PERIOD
PRE-PATENT PERIOD
is the period between infection or acquisition of the parasite and evidence or demonstration of infection.
PRE-PATENT PERIOD
Is the period between infection and evidence of symptoms.
INCUBATION PERIOD
2 types of INFECTION
AUTOINFECTION
SUPERINFECTION
happens when the infected individual is further infected with the same species leading to massive infection with the parasite.
SUPERINFECTION
results when an infected individual becomes his own direct source of infection.
AUTOINFECTION
SOURCES OF INFECTION
Contaminated soil and water
Food
Insect vectors
Animals
Other persons
Self (AUTOINFECTION)
MODES OF INFECTION
Oral transmission
Skin transmission
Vector transmission
Direct transmission
Vertical transmission
Iatrogenic transmission
May be inflicted by a parasite by means of pressure as it grows larger.
DIRECT EFFECT: MECHANICAL INJURY
May be inflicted by a parasite by means of pressure as it grows larger.
DIRECT EFFECT: TRAUMATIC DAMAGE
E. histolytica trophozoites secrete CYSTEINE PROTEASES which digest cellular material.
DIRECT EFFECT: ENZYMATIC INTERFERENCE
PLASMODIUM invades RBC —-> RBC rupture
Schistosoma japonicum to liver —-> Granuloma formation
Hookworms destroying intestinal villi.
DIRECT EFFECT: INVASION AND DESTRUCTION
D. latum COMPETES with host VITAMIN B12 SUPPLY
—> Megaloblastic anemia
DIRECT EFFECT: NUTRIENT DEPRIVATION
Excessive proliferation of certain tissues due to invasion by some parasites can also cause tissue damage in man.
INDIRECT EFFECTS
Protection against P. falciparum.
SICKLE CELL DISEASE:
: Increases susceptibility to P. vivax
DUFFY BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM
NOT suitable for intestinal protozoan development.
HIGH PROTEIN DIET:
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
Microscopy
Culture
Serological test
Skin test
Molecular method
Animal inoculation
Xenodiagnosis
Imaging
Hematology
