continuation Flashcards
This reaction is important in determining the amino acids sequence of peptides
Sanger’s Reagent
is produced from phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Under normal circumstances, ____ completely digests dietary proteins into their constituent amino acids.
proteolytic enzymes, such as pepsin and trypsin
are also released by the normal breakdown of body proteins.
Amino acids
Protein provides ___ total daily body energy requirement by means of deamination or transamination.
12-20%
Ketogenic amino acid
Leucine
Lysine
produced during deamination is converted into urea via the urea cylce in the liver
ammonium ion
cell wall division, the healing of wounds, stimulation of protein synthesis, immune function, the release of hormones, and urea generation
Arginine
basic amino acids involved in immune response, synthesis of nucleic acids, repair body tissues, manufacture b, protect the body from heavy metal toxicity and stimulates the secretion of the digestive enzyme gastrin.
Histidine
branched-chain amino acids for healing, hemoglobin formation, and helps to regulate blood glucose levels.
isoleucine
second most common amino acid found in protein besides glycine. For healing, it lowers blood glucose levels, for the optimal growth of infants, and for nitrogen balance in adults.
Leucine
basic (by charge) amino acids. for the production of antibodies and lowers triglyceride levels, for proper growth and bone development in children and to maintain a proper nitrogen balance in adults, and for calcium absorption
Lysine
initiate translation of messenger RNA, fat metabolism helps to detoxify heavy metals and synthesis of epinephrine and choline.
methionine
nonpolar amino acid. promotes alertness and vitality, elevates mood, decreases pain, aids memory and learning, and is used to treat arthritis and depression, part of the composition of aspartame. biosynthesis of AA.
phenylalanine
alcohol-containing AA that is an important component in the formation of protein and collagen, maintain proper protein balance in the body and it aids liver function, metabolism, and assimilation.
threonine
precursor for serotonin and melatonin, a neurohormone and powerful antioxidant, a natural relaxant, alleviates insomnia, soothes anxiety, and reduces depression, treatment of migraine headaches, aids in weight control by reducing appetite, and helps control hyperactivity in children
tryptophan
for muscle metabolism and coordination, tissue repair, and maintenance of nitrogen balance treatments for muscle, mental, and emotional problems; insomnia; anxiety, and liver and gallbladder disease
valine
For CHO metabolism, reduce build-up of toxic substances and
strengthens the immune system through production of antibodies.
alanine
involved in the transport of nitrogen, role in the synthesis of
ammonia
Asparagine
participates in gluconeogenesis and in urea cycle
aspartic acid
important structural and functional component of proteins and enzymes
cysteine
polar AA, umami, sense of taste, linked to epileptic seizure, important in the metabolism of sugars and fats, and aids transporting potassium into the spinal fluid, food additive and flavor enhancer in the form of sodium salt, monosodium glutamate (MSG)
glutamic acid
most abundant AA in the body, involved in more metabolic processes than any other amino acid. 61% of skeletal muscle tissue is glutamine. converted to glucose when more glucose is required for energy and aids in immune function. Assists in maintaining acid- base balance. Involved in urea cycle.
glutamine
simplest amino acid synthesized in the body w/ no stereoisomers.
glycine
helps in healing of cartilage and the strengthening of joints, tendons, and heart muscle, works with vitamin C to promote healthy connective tissues.
proline
alcohol based AA . for the proper metabolism of fats and fatty acids and synthesis of pyrimidines, purines, creatine, and porphyrins.
serine
Synthesized from Phe. aids in the functions of the adrenal, thyroid,
tyrosine
recognized as the 21st amino acid but, unlike other amino acids present in proteins, it is not coded for directly in the genetic code.
Selenocysteine (Sec)
coded by a UGA codon, which is normally a stop codon and has a specialized transfer RNA (tRNA).
Selenocysteine (Sec)
has been discovered that HIV-1 encodes a functional selenoprotein, and patients with HIV infection have been shown to have a lower- than-average blood plasma selenium level and present in several enzymes, formate dehydrogenases, glycine reductases, and some hydrogenases.
Selenocysteine (Sec)
the 22nd naturally occurring genetically encoded amino acid used by some archaea (prokaryotic and single-celled microorganisms) in enzymes that are part of their methane-producing metabolism.
Pyrrolysine (Pyl)
derivative is encoded by the UAG codon, normally a stop codon
lysine
