Paper 3 Terms: Ethical Considerations

Question 1

Informed Consent

Answer 1

Participation is voluntary, and participants must fully understand the nature of their involvement.

Question 2

Protection from Harm

Answer 2

Participants must be protected from physical and mental harm. The IRB is an institution that supervises research and approves/reviews studies; many colleges rely on it.

Question 3

Confidentiality

Answer 3

Data can be anonymous if it cannot be connected to the individual; confidentiality is when information is unavailable to others.

Question 4

Withdrawal from Participation

Answer 4

Participants can withdraw from the study at anytime.

Question 5

Deception

Answer 5

Acceptable but must be kept to the minimum.

Question 6

Debriefing

Answer 6

Explain the true nature of the study after it has been completed. If deception was used, it must be revealed.

Question 7

Data Fabrication

Answer 7

Never make up the data; if an error is found in published results, reasonable measures should be taken to correct it.

Question 8

Plagiarism

Answer 8

Presenting parts of another’s work or data as one’s own is unethical.

Question 9

Publication Credit

Answer 9

All contributors must be given credit.

Question 10

Sharing Data for Verification

Answer 10

Researchers should not withhold the data used to derive conclusions from the publication

Question 11

Handling of Personal Information

Answer 11

Information should be handled with care, especially in genetics, health, twin studies, and mental health disorders.

Question 12

Social Implication of Reporting Results

Answer 12

Researchers must consider the potential effects of how research conclusions are formulated on the scientific community and society in general.