Paper 2 Topic 2 Flashcards
What does SMART stand for?
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Time-bound
Why do we have SMART targets?
Increase focus on what needs to be achieved
Increase motivation/effort
Increase task persistence (you are less likely to give up)
Allows you to progress over time
Decrease stress
OPEN SKILL
performed in an unpredicatble environment,
where the performer has to react and adjust o teamates, opponents
and conditions of play”
e.g. a tackle in football
CLOSED SKILL
“A skill performed in a predictable environment” - The
performer uses exactly the same technique every time and is in
control of what happens next.
e.g. throwing a shot put
BASIC SKILLS
“A simple skill requiring little
concentration and few sub-routines”
e.g. running 200m
COMPLEX SKILLS
“A skill requiring a lot of
attention and concentration. They are
made up of a lot of sub-routines”
e.g. a twisting somersault in gymnastics
LOW ORGANISATION SKILL
“A basic skill that
can be broken down easily and each part
practiced”
e.g. swimming front crawl
HIGH ORGANISATION SKILL
“A skill that cannot
be broken down easily because they are
whole actions”
e.g. a golf swing
FIXED PRACTICE
“Repeatedly practising a whole skill
within a training session”
This is usally done to improve a
CLOSED skill.
A good way to introduce someone to a
skill.
For example putting in golf, serving in
tennis and basketball free throw.
VARIABLE PRACTICE
“A training session that includes
frequent changes of task so that the
skill can be repeated in different
situations”
Good to practice OPEN skills.
For example a `conditioned game´
MASSED PRACTICE
“Practice that occurs withuot
breaks between trials”
Good for LOW organisation or
BASIC skills.
Good for motivated and highly
skilled performers.
The performer must have the
correct technique to begin.
DISTRIBUTED PRACTICE
Practice that has breaks for rest, feedback
and mental rehearsal”
Good for learning new skills as
it has breaks for feedback.
Breaks give chance for rest and
praise.
Complex skills are often practiced this way.
VISUAL GUIDANCE
When the performer is shown the skill:
Video, pictures & demonstrations
Demonstrations must be clear, good
quality and seen more than once.
Good for when it is not possible
to hear instructions.
VISUAL GUIDANCE (ADVANTAGES)
Useful for all levels of
performer.
Especially good for
young/inexperienced
performers.
Allows performer to see
what is required.
Performers can copy
what they have seen.
VISUAL GUIDANCE (DISADVANTEAGES)
Demonstration must be of
good quality.
Some skills are too
complex to demonstrate.
Not effective if
performers are not paying
attention.
VERBAL GUIDANCE
When the performer is told
information about a skill or technique.
Good for experienced as they already
know what the skill looks like.
Information must be clear, concise
(not too much) and able to hear.
VERBAL GUIDANCE (ADVANTAGES)
Especially useful for
elite athletes
Good for highlighting key
teaching points
Useful for sharing basic
information and
instructions
No equipment needed
VERBAL GUIDANCE (DISADVANTAGES)
Can result in “information
overload”
Can be boring
Sports arenas can be noisy
Complex things are often
difficult to explain
MANUAL GUIDANCE
Where the coach physically supports or
moves the performer into the correct
position.
MANUAL GUIDANCE (ADVANTAGES)
Good for complete
beginners
Allows some
development of correct
feel
Builds confidence
Can break the skill down
(low organisation)
MANUAL GUIDANCE (DISADVANTAGES)
A movement can feel
different when someone
else is moving your body
for you
Performer may not think
that they are actually
performing it themselves
Has to be 1 on 1 coaching
MECHANICAL GUIDANCE
A coach using equipment to support the
performer.
e.g. a harness in trampolining or a float
in swimming
MECHANICAL GUIDANCE (ADVANTAGES)
Good for potentially
dangerous skills
Can allow performer to
gain a feel for a
movement without fear
Good for building
confidence
MECHANICAL GUIDANCE (DISADVANTAGES)
Equipment may be
expensive
Performer can rely on the
aid
Not good for large groups
May not be like the real
thing
MENTAL REHEARSAL
DEFINITION KT
“Practising the skill in your head before
actually doing it”
MENTAL REHEARSAL CAN…
It can reduce anxiety
Help to focus the mind
Build confidence (due to
mentally seeing succes)
Develop an existing skill
Performers remember a succesful
time they completed this skill
They can memorize a course e.g.
bobsled driver
PSYCHOLOGICAL
WARM-UP DEFINITION
“ A perfomer gets mentally ready
to give their very best”
PSYCHOLOGICAL
WARM-UP CAN…
Helps manage nerves
Helps control outside pressure
Pushes away doubts
Keeps them confident
Intrinsic feedback
This comes from within. It is how the
performer feels about the movement
Good for elite athletes
Extrinsic feedback
This is information a performer recieves from a coach
or other person.
Good for beginners
Concurrent feedback
This is information about their
performance DURING the activity
Terminal
This is information about their
performance AFTER the activity
