Paper 2 Section C

Question 1

what is a resource

Answer 1

a stock o supply of something that has value or purpose

Question 2

why is food important as a resource

Answer 2

bad diet leads to illness
well fed = more productive

Question 3

why can food overabundance lead to problems

Answer 3

UPF leads to obesity

Question 4

what are problems with global food inequality

Answer 4

malnutrition

Question 5

why is a good water resource important

Answer 5

drinking
crops
energy

Question 6

what are global water inequalities

Answer 6

is expensive to get, transfer and store
climate affects abundance

Question 7

why is energy security important

Answer 7

needed for light, power and heat
powers industry
fuels transportation

Question 8

problems of energy insecurity

Answer 8

rich countries use more
middle east is a major supplier yet uses little
demand increases with NEE industrialisation

Question 9

how much of the UK’s food is imported

Answer 9

40%

Question 10

why does the UK import so much food

Answer 10

cheaper
foods that don’t grow in the UK
out of season food

Question 11

what are the problems with importing food

Answer 11

food miles => carbon footprint

Question 12

how is the UK responding to over-importing food

Answer 12

people are being encouraged to eat local, seasonal produce

Question 13

what amount of the UK’s water is used domestically

Answer 13

1/2

Question 14

why is the water demand increasing

Answer 14

rapid population increase

Question 15

what is water surplus

Answer 15

water supply exceeds demand

Question 16

what is water deficit

Answer 16

water demand exceeds supply

Question 17

how much of the UK experiences water stress

Answer 17

> 1/2

Question 18

how is water quality managed

Answer 18

water is filtered to remove sediment
strict regulation
microorganisms killed with chlorine

Question 19

how can water be polluted

Answer 19

industrial waste
field fertilisers
leaching from mines

Question 20

why do people have problems with water transfer

Answer 20

effect on land and wildlife
expensive
greenhouse gases released to pump it

Question 21

UK energy mix in 1990

Answer 21

3/4 was fossil fuels

Question 22

UK energy mix in 2007

Answer 22

more gas and nuclear

Question 23

UK energy mix in 2014

Answer 23

significantly more renewables such as wind and solar

Question 24

why has the UK’s energy use fllen in recent years

Answer 24

decline of heavy industry
energy conservation

Question 25

how much of the UK's oil and gas have been used up

Answer 25

75%

Question 26

why will fossil fuels continue to be used for decades

Answer 26

remaining resources coal is cheap shale gase may be found and used

Question 27

economic impacts of nuclear

Answer 27

expensive decomissioning is expensive new plants create jobs

Question 28

environmental impacts of nuclear

Answer 28

hard to dispose of waste safely waste warm water can harm ecosystems

Question 29

economic impacts of wind farms

Answer 29

high construction costs local homes have lower energy costs

Question 30

environmental impacts of wind farms

Answer 30

eyesore reduce carbon footprint noise pollution

Question 31

what causes water deficit

Answer 31

low rainfall high population heavy industry

Question 32

what is water security

Answer 32

enough clean water to have a good QoL

Question 33

what is water insecurity

Answer 33

not enough water for a region to have a good QoL

Question 34

how little water does there need to be for there to be water stress

Answer 34

1700m³

Question 35

what are examples of regions with water stress

Answer 35

Caribbean islands middle east

Question 36

why is water consumption increasing

Answer 36

increasing population economic development lifestyle changes water is used for energy

Question 37

what factors affect water availability

Answer 37

geology climate over-abstraction pollution poverty limited infrastructure

Question 38

how does water availability change with climate

Answer 38

high rainfall leads to surplus

Question 39

how does water availability change with geology

Answer 39

permeability of rocks affects groundwater supplies

Question 40

how does water availability change with over-abstraction

Answer 40

pumping water out of the ground faster than it can be replaced can lead to the water table lowering and wells to dry up

Question 41

how does water availability change with pollution

Answer 41

waste means water is impotable

Question 42

how does water availability change with limited infrastructure

Answer 42

poor countries cant afford to pump water around

Question 43

how does water availability change with poverty

Answer 43

shared or no mains water

Question 44

what does contaminated water cause

Answer 44

cholera

Question 45

how many litres of sewage enter the Ganges each day

Answer 45

1 billion L

Question 46

how much of the worlds water is used by agriculture

Answer 46

70%

Question 47

how much of Egypt's food is imported

Answer 47

60%

Question 48

how much is chinas industrial output lowered by water shortages

Answer 48

$40 billion

Question 49

what is an example of water conflict

Answer 49

turkey built a dam causing anger downstream in Syria

Question 50

how can water be diverted to increase storage

Answer 50

heavy infrequent rainfall means water is diverted to alluvial soil underground so it is stored

Question 51

what are advantages of dams

Answer 51

control river flow water can be used for irrigation often prevent flooding

Question 52

what are disadvantages of dams

Answer 52

displace people expensive reduce downstream water flow

Question 53

example of a water transfer scheme

Answer 53

Yangtze river moves water to Yellow River Basin due to its arid climate 3 canal system

Question 54

how does desalination work

Answer 54

removes salt from seawater very expensive used only where there are serious water shortages and no alternatives UAE uses it

Question 55

what was the aim of the LHWP

Answer 55

to move water form Lesotho to the arid surrounding SA

Question 56

what was built for the LHWP

Answer 56

dams, reservoirs and pipelines roads and bridges

Question 57

advantages of the LHWP for Lesotho

Answer 57

75% of their GDP gives Lesotho all their energy sanitation increases

Question 58

advantages of the LHWP for South Africa

Answer 58

provides water to an area of drought fresh water reduces Vaal Reservoir acidity gives SA safe water to an extra 10% of people

Question 59

disadvantages of the LHWP for Lesotho

Answer 59

30k people displaced destruction of a wetland ecosystem corruption has prevented compensation to locals

Question 60

disadvantages of the LHWP for South Africa

Answer 60

cost around $4 billion 40% of water is lost through leakages corruption has plagued the project

Question 61

what does sustainable water supply focus on

Answer 61

management of water reducing waste and excessive demand

Question 62

how is groundwater stored

Answer 62

in aquifers where supply and demand must be balanced

Question 63

what can happen is groundwater levels fall

Answer 63

water can become contaminated os water treatment gets expensive

Question 64

what is the PGM

Answer 64

Participatory Groundwater Management (India)

Question 65

what does the PGM involve

Answer 65

training locals to monitor rainfall and groundwater levels helping farmers to plan irrigation usage encouraging farmers to plant crops when water is available

Question 66

how much water used for irrigation is grey water in Jordan

Answer 66

70%

Question 67

what is grey water

Answer 67

water taken from bathrooms and washing machines

Question 68

what can grey water contain

Answer 68

plant fertilisers

Question 69

how can water be recycled

Answer 69

some nuclear power plants use waste water for cooling

Question 70

how can we conserve water usage

Answer 70

reduce leakages water meters prevent pollution turn off tap when not in use

Question 71

what is the Wakel river basin project

Answer 71

NW India S of Rajasthan poorest and driest part of India

Question 72

what were the problems with water supply at the Wakel River Basin

Answer 72

poor water management over-use of irrigation over-abstraction wells have dried up

Question 73

what are Taankas

Answer 73

underground water storage which collect surface water from rooves

Question 74

what is a Johed

Answer 74

small earth dam to capture rainwater

Question 75

what are Pats

Answer 75

irrigation channels that transfer water to fields

Question 76

how does the pat system work

Answer 76

small dam called a Bund diverts water from a stream to a field villagers maintain this