Paper 2 Section A Flashcards
what is urbanisation
the proportion of the worlds population who live in cities
causes of urbanisation
natural increase
migration
where is rural urban migration highest
LICs
since when was the global population rapidly increasing
1950
where is urban population highest
HICs
example of slow growing Megacity
LA
(HICs)
example of growing Megacity
Beijing
(NEEs)
example of rapid growing Megacity
Mumbai
(LICs)
where is Mumbai located
west coast of India
what is the local importance of Mumbai
informal economy
what is the national importance of Mumbai
financial capital of India
what is the international importance of Mumbai
largest number of TNCs in Asia
what is the informal economy
no contracts so no security
unofficial
no tax
what causes growth in mumbai
large amounts of rural urban migration for seeking better work and they usually live in squatter settlements
where do squatter settlements develop
less pleasant areas such as hillsides or swamps
what are squatter settlements made from
an thing available such as wood, cardboard, metal from drums
what is Dharavi like
overcrowded
dirty due to little sanitation
lots of all types of pollution
what is Dharavi housing
between two train lines
lots of good brick houses
some have electricity
lots of people live there illegally
Dharavi average pay
£40 a month
how do people earn a living in Dharavi
leather working
recycling plastic
how much rubbish is recycled in Dharavi
80%
what do leather workers make in Dharavi
belts, bags and shoes
where is the leather exported from Dharavi
to western countries and the middle east and it is sold affordably
social benefits of Dharavi
good sense of community where there are food halls and meeting places
health clinics
NGOs provide education
economic benefits of Dharavi
high skilled workers can earn up to 1500 rupees a day so they can support their family
what is vision mumbai
to sell the land off to developers and in turn, create better, low cost quality housing
how much is the Dharavi land worth
$10 billion
how many houses will Vision Mumbai make
1.1 million
how will developers benefit from the land in Dharavi
the saved land from increased building height can create shopping malls for social benefits
what are the negatives of Vision Mumbai
people are temporarily displaced from their homes and also their jobs
economic negative
why was Vision Mumbai delayed
financial crisis so developers dropped out
how much daily sewage is dumped into the river daily in Mumbai
800 million litres
what are the main water pollutants in Mumbai
untreated oil
sewage
industrial waste
what has cause flood risk in Mumbai
solid waste clogs drains
plants grow on this
what is done to mitigate the Mithi river flooding
it was dredged to increase capacity
channel straightening
channel widened
obstacles removed
what were leftover problems in the mithi river
river was still dirty
what is the slum sanitation project
sanitation facilities were built for lower income areas to decrease water pollution
how many toilet blocks built in the SSP
330 community toilet blocks
what causes air pollution in Mumbai
exhaust fumes
incineration
factories
what is being done to reduce the problem of air pollution in Mumbai
new metro system#
diesel ban
natural gas used instead of petrol
how many taxis in Mumbai have switched to natural gas
58k
what is the distribution of the UK’s population (Rural vs Urban)
82% in Urban areas
why do more people live in Urban areas in the UK
more jobs
youth move there for social reasons
old people do the opposite however
what cities and why are increasing
ports in Liverpool
finance in London
innovation in Birmingham
where is bristol
SW of UK
next to Bristol Channel
what makes Bristol nationally importnat
2x Universities
8th highest tourism
culture and entertainment
industry (silicon chip manufacturer outside silicon valley)
opportunities of Bristol’s migration
hard working workforce
better culture
young migrants help ageing population
challenges of Bristol’s migration
housing provision
teaching children who don’t speak good English
integration into the wider community
why is Bristol internationally important
road and rail links
ferry to Europe
2 docks
airport to US and Europe
aerospace industry
attracts international students
what are recent changes in bristol
increase in population
more diverse population
good transport
2 million people live within 50km of the city
social opportunities in Bristol
entertainment
sport
shopping
entertainment in Bristol
nightclubs
bars
eg. Colston Hall venue for concerts
sport in Bristol
stadia on the edges of the city such as Bristol Bears rugby
shopping in Bristol
Cabot Circus
Cribbs Causeway
how much did Cabot Circus cost
£500 million
how many spectators did the Harbourside festival attract
300k
why are high tech industries moving to Bristol
government grants
Unis and Workforce
advanced research facilities
how much have the government invested in Bristol to be a super connected city
£100 million
what are industries in Bristol
DPA (defence procurement agency)
Aerospace
Aardman Animation Studios
how many people work for the DPA in Bristol
10k
what does the DPA do in Bristol
supplies army, navy and air force
on a greenfield site
creates housing demand and urban sprawl
how many of global aircraft companies can be found in Bristol
14/15
what does Aardman studios do in Bristol
entered computer animation market
won an Oscar
attracts tourism
what was Bristol awarded
2015 European Green Capital
what does Bristol plan to do for the environmetn
reduce water pollution
introduce Air Quality Management
use more brownfield sites
what is Bristol’s aim for energy effeciency
down by 40% overall usage by 2020
what is urban greening
adding green spaces to an urban area for better QOL
how much of Bristol is open space
1/3
how many parks in Bristol
300
what does the ITS consist of in Bristol
Rapid Transit network
electrification of the railway
what does Bristol aim to do by 2020 regarding transport
double the amount of cyclists
what are the challenges in Bristol
Dereliction
Urban Sprawl
Where is dereliction a problem in Bristol
Stokes Croft, an inner city area
How is dereliction a problem in Bristol
industrial workers moved away and squatters, riots and antisocial behaviour caused dereliction
what is being done to improve Stokes Croft
City Council grants to improve the area
activists and artists want to revitalise the area
how has urban growth led to urban sprawl
rapidly growing population has cause rapid development
especially to the N in Bradley Stoke
what is being done to reduce urban sprawl
developing on brownfield sites
what % of housing was built on greenfield sites between 2006 and 2013
only 6
how much % lower is the waster per capita in bristol compared to the rest of the UK
23%
how much waste does bristol produce per year
half a billion
how is Bristol reducing environmental impacts
water waste treatment
income is created when materials are sent to be recycled
non recyclable waste is incinerated and used to create electricity
how much of waste is now recycled in Bristol
50%
how many people per year prematurely die of air pollution in Bristol
200
waht is being done to reduce air pollution
walking and cycling route called the Frome gateway
EV programme
phone app for public transport
where is FIlwood
S Bristol
what are housing problems in Filwood
often rented from council
often poorly insualted
what are education problems in Filwood
only 23% of students got top GCSE grades
what are health problems in Filwood
lower life expectancy of 78 years
lowest sport participation rate in Bristol
higher cancer rates
what are economic problems in Filwood
1/3 of 16-24yos are unemployed
1/2 children live in low income households
where is Stoke Bishop
NW Bristol
Stoke Bishop housing
81% is owner occupied
includes a very wealthy Sneyd Park with millionaires
Stoke Bishop education
1/2 half a degree
94% of 16yos got highest grades in 5+ GCSEs
Stoke Bishop health
83 life expectancy which is above the average
Stoke Bishop employement
only 3% are unemployed
what is Harry Stoke
1200 new homes with 2000 more planned
why were locals against Harry Stoke
traffic congestion and pollution
loss of habitat
increases local flood risk
advantages of the Bristol Harbourside scheme
run down so needed redevelopment
people still live at the centre
disadvantages of the Bristol Harbourside scheme
not everyone likes the architecture
renovation was expensive, so flats are expensive
advantages of brownfield sites
use old buildings
makes area more attractive
reduces urban sprawl
existing infrastructure
disadvantages of brownfield sites
expensive to build on
infrastructure may be outdated or unusable
may be contaminated
why did temple quarter need regenerating
the area was very run down
it gave a bad impression to visitors from the south
what are the 4 areas of Temple Quarter
Avon Riverside
Temple Meads Gateway
Temple Quay
Silverthorne Lane
what is Avon Riverside
old industrial buildings for light industry
green spaces were created by demolishing a diesel depot
what is Temple Meads Gateway
dominated by train station
cut off from rest of area by dual carriageway
what is Silverthorne Lane
remains of Ironworks and gasworks
difficult access due to old rail arches
what is part of the Temple Quarter regeneration
improved access in and around Bristol
enterprise zone status
new bridge across the Avon
what is Temple Quay
former Industrial area
what is an enterprise zone
low tax and rent for businesses
what do the improved access in and around Bristol consist of
Temple Meads Station improved
improved road layout
links to transit network
Bristol-Bath cycle route
what is the Engine Shed
renovated historic building to he high-tech and low-carbon
what did they do to Temple Meads train station
major improvements and making it into a transport hub
what is happening at Bristol arena
bridge across the river to it where there will be cafes, restaurants, offices, flats
arena used for concerts, outdoor events, sport events
how much did Freiburg reduce its waste in 12 years
90k tonnes
how much waste is recycled in Freiburg
88%
how many homes had energy created from burning waste
28k homes
what is social planning in Freiburg
locals can invest in renewables
financial rewards are given to people who compost waste
what is economic planning in Freiburg
locals can attend conferences on sustainability
how many people are employed in Freiburg in environmental businesses
10k
what are the 3 features of sustainable living in Freibrug
water conservation
energy conservation
creating green space
water conservation in Freiburg
collecting rainwater
unpaved tramways
green roofs
energy conservation in Freiburg
use of renewables
energy saving technology
use of biomass energy
green spaces in Freibrug
keep clean air
create habitat for wildlife
create a free recreational resource
how much of Freiburg is forested
40%
how many trees have been planted in Freiburg
44k
how is traffic reduced in freiburg
low fares for unlimited public transport
interconnected tram and bus network
how many km of cycle paths in Freibrug
400km
how much does a car parking spot cost
up to 20k per spot
