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My Geography > Paper 2 Section A > Flashcards

Paper 2 Section A Flashcards

1
Q

what is urbanisation

A

the proportion of the worlds population who live in cities

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2
Q

causes of urbanisation

A

natural increase
migration

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3
Q

where is rural urban migration highest

A

LICs

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4
Q

since when was the global population rapidly increasing

A

1950

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5
Q

where is urban population highest

A

HICs

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6
Q

example of slow growing Megacity

A

LA
(HICs)

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7
Q

example of growing Megacity

A

Beijing
(NEEs)

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8
Q

example of rapid growing Megacity

A

Mumbai
(LICs)

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9
Q

where is Mumbai located

A

west coast of India

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10
Q

what is the local importance of Mumbai

A

informal economy

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11
Q

what is the national importance of Mumbai

A

financial capital of India

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12
Q

what is the international importance of Mumbai

A

largest number of TNCs in Asia

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13
Q

what is the informal economy

A

no contracts so no security
unofficial
no tax

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14
Q

what causes growth in mumbai

A

large amounts of rural urban migration for seeking better work and they usually live in squatter settlements

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15
Q

where do squatter settlements develop

A

less pleasant areas such as hillsides or swamps

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16
Q

what are squatter settlements made from

A

an thing available such as wood, cardboard, metal from drums

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17
Q

what is Dharavi like

A

overcrowded
dirty due to little sanitation
lots of all types of pollution

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18
Q

what is Dharavi housing

A

between two train lines
lots of good brick houses
some have electricity
lots of people live there illegally

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19
Q

Dharavi average pay

A

£40 a month

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20
Q

how do people earn a living in Dharavi

A

leather working
recycling plastic

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21
Q

how much rubbish is recycled in Dharavi

A

80%

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22
Q

what do leather workers make in Dharavi

A

belts, bags and shoes

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23
Q

where is the leather exported from Dharavi

A

to western countries and the middle east and it is sold affordably

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24
Q

social benefits of Dharavi

A

good sense of community where there are food halls and meeting places
health clinics
NGOs provide education

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25
Q

economic benefits of Dharavi

A

high skilled workers can earn up to 1500 rupees a day so they can support their family

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26
Q

what is vision mumbai

A

to sell the land off to developers and in turn, create better, low cost quality housing

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27
Q

how much is the Dharavi land worth

A

$10 billion

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28
Q

how many houses will Vision Mumbai make

A

1.1 million

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29
Q

how will developers benefit from the land in Dharavi

A

the saved land from increased building height can create shopping malls for social benefits

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30
Q

what are the negatives of Vision Mumbai

A

people are temporarily displaced from their homes and also their jobs
economic negative

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31
Q

why was Vision Mumbai delayed

A

financial crisis so developers dropped out

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32
Q

how much daily sewage is dumped into the river daily in Mumbai

A

800 million litres

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33
Q

what are the main water pollutants in Mumbai

A

untreated oil
sewage
industrial waste

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34
Q

what has cause flood risk in Mumbai

A

solid waste clogs drains
plants grow on this

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35
Q

what is done to mitigate the Mithi river flooding

A

it was dredged to increase capacity
channel straightening
channel widened
obstacles removed

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36
Q

what were leftover problems in the mithi river

A

river was still dirty

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37
Q

what is the slum sanitation project

A

sanitation facilities were built for lower income areas to decrease water pollution

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38
Q

how many toilet blocks built in the SSP

A

330 community toilet blocks

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39
Q

what causes air pollution in Mumbai

A

exhaust fumes
incineration
factories

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40
Q

what is being done to reduce the problem of air pollution in Mumbai

A

new metro system#
diesel ban
natural gas used instead of petrol

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41
Q

how many taxis in Mumbai have switched to natural gas

A

58k

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42
Q

what is the distribution of the UK’s population (Rural vs Urban)

A

82% in Urban areas

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43
Q

why do more people live in Urban areas in the UK

A

more jobs
youth move there for social reasons
old people do the opposite however

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44
Q

what cities and why are increasing

A

ports in Liverpool
finance in London
innovation in Birmingham

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45
Q

where is bristol

A

SW of UK
next to Bristol Channel

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46
Q

what makes Bristol nationally importnat

A

2x Universities
8th highest tourism
culture and entertainment
industry (silicon chip manufacturer outside silicon valley)

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47
Q

opportunities of Bristol’s migration

A

hard working workforce
better culture
young migrants help ageing population

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48
Q

challenges of Bristol’s migration

A

housing provision
teaching children who don’t speak good English
integration into the wider community

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49
Q

why is Bristol internationally important

A

road and rail links
ferry to Europe
2 docks
airport to US and Europe
aerospace industry
attracts international students

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50
Q

what are recent changes in bristol

A

increase in population
more diverse population
good transport
2 million people live within 50km of the city

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51
Q

social opportunities in Bristol

A

entertainment
sport
shopping

52
Q

entertainment in Bristol

A

nightclubs
bars
eg. Colston Hall venue for concerts

53
Q

sport in Bristol

A

stadia on the edges of the city such as Bristol Bears rugby

54
Q

shopping in Bristol

A

Cabot Circus
Cribbs Causeway

55
Q

how much did Cabot Circus cost

A

£500 million

56
Q

how many spectators did the Harbourside festival attract

A

300k

57
Q

why are high tech industries moving to Bristol

A

government grants
Unis and Workforce
advanced research facilities

58
Q

how much have the government invested in Bristol to be a super connected city

A

£100 million

59
Q

what are industries in Bristol

A

DPA (defence procurement agency)
Aerospace
Aardman Animation Studios

60
Q

how many people work for the DPA in Bristol

A

10k

61
Q

what does the DPA do in Bristol

A

supplies army, navy and air force
on a greenfield site
creates housing demand and urban sprawl

62
Q

how many of global aircraft companies can be found in Bristol

A

14/15

63
Q

what does Aardman studios do in Bristol

A

entered computer animation market
won an Oscar
attracts tourism

64
Q

what was Bristol awarded

A

2015 European Green Capital

65
Q

what does Bristol plan to do for the environmetn

A

reduce water pollution
introduce Air Quality Management
use more brownfield sites

66
Q

what is Bristol’s aim for energy effeciency

A

down by 40% overall usage by 2020

67
Q

what is urban greening

A

adding green spaces to an urban area for better QOL

68
Q

how much of Bristol is open space

A

1/3

69
Q

how many parks in Bristol

A

300

70
Q

what does the ITS consist of in Bristol

A

Rapid Transit network
electrification of the railway

71
Q

what does Bristol aim to do by 2020 regarding transport

A

double the amount of cyclists

72
Q

what are the challenges in Bristol

A

Dereliction
Urban Sprawl

73
Q

Where is dereliction a problem in Bristol

A

Stokes Croft, an inner city area

74
Q

How is dereliction a problem in Bristol

A

industrial workers moved away and squatters, riots and antisocial behaviour caused dereliction

75
Q

what is being done to improve Stokes Croft

A

City Council grants to improve the area
activists and artists want to revitalise the area

76
Q

how has urban growth led to urban sprawl

A

rapidly growing population has cause rapid development
especially to the N in Bradley Stoke

77
Q

what is being done to reduce urban sprawl

A

developing on brownfield sites

78
Q

what % of housing was built on greenfield sites between 2006 and 2013

A

only 6

79
Q

how much % lower is the waster per capita in bristol compared to the rest of the UK

A

23%

80
Q

how much waste does bristol produce per year

A

half a billion

81
Q

how is Bristol reducing environmental impacts

A

water waste treatment
income is created when materials are sent to be recycled
non recyclable waste is incinerated and used to create electricity

82
Q

how much of waste is now recycled in Bristol

A

50%

83
Q

how many people per year prematurely die of air pollution in Bristol

A

200

84
Q

waht is being done to reduce air pollution

A

walking and cycling route called the Frome gateway
EV programme
phone app for public transport

85
Q

where is FIlwood

A

S Bristol

86
Q

what are housing problems in Filwood

A

often rented from council
often poorly insualted

87
Q

what are education problems in Filwood

A

only 23% of students got top GCSE grades

88
Q

what are health problems in Filwood

A

lower life expectancy of 78 years
lowest sport participation rate in Bristol
higher cancer rates

89
Q

what are economic problems in Filwood

A

1/3 of 16-24yos are unemployed
1/2 children live in low income households

90
Q

where is Stoke Bishop

A

NW Bristol

91
Q

Stoke Bishop housing

A

81% is owner occupied
includes a very wealthy Sneyd Park with millionaires

92
Q

Stoke Bishop education

A

1/2 half a degree
94% of 16yos got highest grades in 5+ GCSEs

93
Q

Stoke Bishop health

A

83 life expectancy which is above the average

94
Q

Stoke Bishop employement

A

only 3% are unemployed

95
Q

what is Harry Stoke

A

1200 new homes with 2000 more planned

96
Q

why were locals against Harry Stoke

A

traffic congestion and pollution
loss of habitat
increases local flood risk

97
Q

advantages of the Bristol Harbourside scheme

A

run down so needed redevelopment
people still live at the centre

98
Q

disadvantages of the Bristol Harbourside scheme

A

not everyone likes the architecture
renovation was expensive, so flats are expensive

99
Q

advantages of brownfield sites

A

use old buildings
makes area more attractive
reduces urban sprawl
existing infrastructure

100
Q

disadvantages of brownfield sites

A

expensive to build on
infrastructure may be outdated or unusable
may be contaminated

101
Q

why did temple quarter need regenerating

A

the area was very run down
it gave a bad impression to visitors from the south

102
Q

what are the 4 areas of Temple Quarter

A

Avon Riverside
Temple Meads Gateway
Temple Quay
Silverthorne Lane

103
Q

what is Avon Riverside

A

old industrial buildings for light industry
green spaces were created by demolishing a diesel depot

104
Q

what is Temple Meads Gateway

A

dominated by train station
cut off from rest of area by dual carriageway

105
Q

what is Silverthorne Lane

A

remains of Ironworks and gasworks
difficult access due to old rail arches

106
Q

what is part of the Temple Quarter regeneration

A

improved access in and around Bristol
enterprise zone status
new bridge across the Avon

107
Q

what is Temple Quay

A

former Industrial area

108
Q

what is an enterprise zone

A

low tax and rent for businesses

109
Q

what do the improved access in and around Bristol consist of

A

Temple Meads Station improved
improved road layout
links to transit network
Bristol-Bath cycle route

110
Q

what is the Engine Shed

A

renovated historic building to he high-tech and low-carbon

111
Q

what did they do to Temple Meads train station

A

major improvements and making it into a transport hub

112
Q

what is happening at Bristol arena

A

bridge across the river to it where there will be cafes, restaurants, offices, flats
arena used for concerts, outdoor events, sport events

113
Q

how much did Freiburg reduce its waste in 12 years

A

90k tonnes

114
Q

how much waste is recycled in Freiburg

A

88%

115
Q

how many homes had energy created from burning waste

A

28k homes

116
Q

what is social planning in Freiburg

A

locals can invest in renewables
financial rewards are given to people who compost waste

116
Q

what is economic planning in Freiburg

A

locals can attend conferences on sustainability

117
Q

how many people are employed in Freiburg in environmental businesses

A

10k

118
Q

what are the 3 features of sustainable living in Freibrug

A

water conservation
energy conservation
creating green space

119
Q

water conservation in Freiburg

A

collecting rainwater
unpaved tramways
green roofs

120
Q

energy conservation in Freiburg

A

use of renewables
energy saving technology
use of biomass energy

121
Q

green spaces in Freibrug

A

keep clean air
create habitat for wildlife
create a free recreational resource

122
Q

how much of Freiburg is forested

A

40%

123
Q

how many trees have been planted in Freiburg

A

44k

124
Q

how is traffic reduced in freiburg

A

low fares for unlimited public transport
interconnected tram and bus network

125
Q

how many km of cycle paths in Freibrug

A

400km

126
Q

how much does a car parking spot cost

A

up to 20k per spot

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