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Biology Triple Science > Paper 2 > Flashcards

Paper 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s things does homeostasis regulate

A

Blood glucose concentration

Internal temperature

Water levels

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2
Q

What is the CNS

A

Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What is the PNS

A

Peripheral Nervous System
All other nerves

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4
Q

What is a reflex

A

Signal bypasses Brain - much quicker

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5
Q

What is the chemical used in synapses

A

Neurotransmitter

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6
Q

How are glands effectors ?

A

Secrete chemicals

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7
Q

How to test reaction time

A

Drop ruler between finger and thumb

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8
Q

What does the cerebral cortex do

A

Memory
Speech
Problem solving

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9
Q

What does the Cerebellum do

A

Movement
Balance
Coordination

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10
Q

What does the Medulla do

A

Unconscious actions

Heart and breathing rate

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11
Q

How can you see brain activity

A

MRI scan

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12
Q

What happens to the eye when it’s far away

A

CM relax
SL tighten
Thin lens

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13
Q

What happens to the eye when looking near

A

CM contract
SL slacken
Thick lens

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14
Q

What is the term for short sightedness

A

Myopia

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15
Q

What is the term for long sightedness

A

Hyperopia

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16
Q

How can long and short sighted be treated

A

Glasses,contact lens or laser eye surgery

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17
Q

What is thermoregulation

A

Your body regulating body temperature by using effectors

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18
Q

What happens when your hot

A

Sweat glands produce water which evaporates taking away the heat

Blood vessels dilate

Called VASODILATION

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19
Q

What happens when your cold

A

Hairs stand on end to trap air

Shivering-muscles contract produce more heat

Blood vessels contract

Called vasoconstriction

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20
Q

What is the endocrine system

A

System of glands that secrete hormone to send signals to effectors

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21
Q

What is does the pituitary gland do

A

Sends signals to other glands

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22
Q

What does the pancreas do

A

Secrets insulin (and glycogen ) to control blood sugar

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23
Q

What does the thyroid control

A

Controls growth,metabolism and more

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24
Q

What does the adrenal gland do

A

Releases adrenaline

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25
Q

What do the ovaries do

A

Release egg and secrete hormones

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26
Q

What do the testes do

A

Produces sperm

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27
Q

What happens in high blood sugar levels

A

Pancreas secretes insulin

Causes glucose to move from bloodstream into cells to be used for respiration

Excess glucose converted into glycogen as energy stores

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28
Q

What does low blood sugar do

A

Pancreas releases glucagon

Causes liver and muscles to convert glycogen back into glucose

This is a NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

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29
Q

What is Type 1 diabetes

A

Pancreas cannot produce enough insulin

Injections needed

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30
Q

What is type 2 diabetes

A

Cells do not absorb glucose as they should

Obesity increase risk of developing

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31
Q

How is water lost

A

Through exhalation,sweating and urinating

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32
Q

What does Urea contain and how

A

Ammonia from amino acids obtained from excess proteins being broken down

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33
Q

What do kidneys also do

A

Filter out glucose and useful minerals and ions for the body to use from the blood

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34
Q

What is ADH

A

Causes tubles in kidneys to reabsorb more water into the bloodstream

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35
Q

When water levels are too high

A

Less ADH is made

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36
Q

What is Dialysis

A

Blood filtered by a machine

If not don’t the urea buildup will be poisonous

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37
Q

What is FSH

A

Causes egg to mature and to produce oestrogen

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38
Q

What is Oestrogen

A

Causes uterus to thicken

inhibits FSH so no more eggs mature until the next cycle

Also causes the pituitary gland to produce LH

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39
Q

What is LH

A

Causes egg to be released

40
Q

What is progesterone

A

Secreted by the ovaries and maintains uterus lining

41
Q

Methods of contraception

A

FSH inhibiting pills

Condom

Avoiding sex for a time after egg released

42
Q

Negatives of IVF

A

Very low success rate

Cause potentially multiple embryos to develop

43
Q

What does the Thyroid do

A

Releases thyroxine which controls your body metabolic rate

44
Q

What does Gibberellins do

A

Induces germination

Promote flowering

Increase fruit size

45
Q

What does Ethene do to plants

A

Causes ripening

46
Q

Auxins can be used as

A

Weed killers

Promoting growth in plants

Rooting powders

47
Q

Advantages for sexual reproduction

A

Offspring can become better adapted to environment

48
Q

Advantage to asexual reproduction

A

Only one organism needed to reproduce

49
Q

What’s a genome

A

The entire genetic code in an organism

50
Q

What is a gene

A

Portion of DNA that codes for a protein

51
Q

What is a genotype

A

An organism specific genetic code

52
Q

What is a phenotype

A

How this code is expressed in physical characteristics

53
Q

What are alleles

A

Different version of the same gene

54
Q

What allele is polydactyl

A

Caused by a dominant allele

55
Q

What Allele is cystic fibrosis

A

Recessive

56
Q

What are fossils

A

They decayed remains of organisms

57
Q

You can clone plants by….

A

Using cuttings or tissue cultures

58
Q

King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Good
Soup

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Classification
Order
Family
Genus
Species

59
Q

Binormal name

A

Genus + Species

60
Q

What are the three domains

A

Archaea-primitive bacteria

Bacteria

Eukaryota

61
Q

What do organisms compete for

A

Food,water,space,light,CO2/02 and mates

62
Q

What is interdependence

A

Organism depending on each others for survival

When this happens a community is formed

63
Q

Abiotic factors include

A

Temperature

Light

Soil ph

64
Q

Biotic factors are

A

Food

Predators

Pathogens

65
Q

What can decomposition be used for

A

To produce natural fertilisers to help crops grown

Can also be used to produce methane gas for use as fuel

66
Q

What is biodiversity

A

The variety of species in a ecosystem

67
Q

What is an example of the reduce in biodiversity

A

Deforestation

68
Q

What does a pyramid of biomass indicate

A

How much biomass is transferred between trophic levels

69
Q

Decay practical

Why do we add sodium carbonate to the milk solution

A

To ensure the milk turns to an alkali

70
Q

Decay practical

What is the indicator called that we add to the milk

A

Phenolphthalein

71
Q

Decay practical

Why does phenolphthalein turn that solution into a pink colour

A

When it’s in an alkali solution or a ph over 8.3

72
Q

Decay practical

Why will the milk colour change when added lipase

A

As milk decays it becomes more acidic

The lipids in the milk will break down into glycerol and fatty acids

This lowers ph and de colourised it

73
Q

What is decay

A

Decay is the result of microbial growth in foods

As microbes grow they release enzymes to break down the food

74
Q

What can be made in the soil when nitrogen is present

A

Ammonia or ammonium

75
Q

What does nitrogen make in organisms

A

Dna

RNA

amino acids

76
Q

What is it called when nitrogen is taken up a plants roots

A

Assimilation

77
Q

What is metabolism

A

Is the sun of all the reactions in a cell or the body

78
Q

What hormone affects the thyroid to produce more thyroxine

A

TSH

79
Q

What happens if there is less water in the body

A

The pituitary gland releases ADH

80
Q

ADH causes to kidneys to

A

Reabsorb more water

81
Q

As the blood water levels return to normal….

A

The pituitary gland stops releasing ADH

82
Q

What do the kidneys help to maintain

A

Urea

Water

Ions

83
Q

What’s an advantage of dialysis

A

No shortage of dialysis machines

84
Q

What’s some disadvantage of dialysis

A

Expensive in long term

Requires frequent treatment and a controlled diet

85
Q

What’s some advantages of kidney transplant

A

Only expensive initially

Allows patient to have a normal life

86
Q

What’s some disadvantages of kidney transplant

A

Shortage of donors

Have to take medication for rest of life

87
Q

What is the process which amino acids are converted to ammonia

A

Deamination

88
Q

What do decomposes need

A

Moisture

Oxygen

Suitable temperature

89
Q

What is DNA

A

A Polymer made up of repeated units called nucleotides

90
Q

What does nucleotide consist of

A

Sugar

Phosphate

Bases(A,C,G,T)

91
Q

What is ICSI and what does it stand for

A

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

what is used to inject the nucleus of a sperm cell into an egg

92
Q

How are the thyroid and pituitary gland interlinked

State hormone and what they do and how they are linked

A

TSH released by pituitary gland
Thyroxine released by thyroid which regulates basal metabolic rate

Too much thyroxine=Less TSH
Too less thyroxine=More TSH

93
Q

compare meiosis and mitosis

A

Meiosis-2 divisions ,4 daughter cells ,haploid ,non-identical
Mitosis-1 division, 2 daughter cells, diploid, identical

94
Q

How would humans selectively breed animal and plants

A

Humans would select a characteristic they want in an animal
then breed that individual with another with desired characteristic
Then pick the offspring that shows characteristic best
breed individual

95
Q

What are the 7 Levels of classification

A

kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

96
Q

What is Carl Woese system of classification

A

Archaea (primitive bacteria)
Bacteria (True bacteria)
Eukaryota (Protist)

97
Q

What is peat

A

Peat is the result of the decomposition of a tree after an extended amount of time

Biology Triple Science (7 decks)

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