Paper 1 Flashcards
What is a cell membrane wall
A semi permeable
Which allows what goes in and out of the cell
What is a plasmid
A loop of DNA
What is a cell wall made up of
Cellulose
How does bacteria divide
Thought binary fusion
How many chromosomes does a human cell have
46
Diploid cell
How much chromosomes does a gamete have
23
Haploid cell
Explain Mitosis
Nucleus dissolves and genetic materials is duplicated
2 set of chromosomes move to different sides
Organelles duplicated
Cell divides producing 2 genetically identical diploid cell
What is Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a semi permeable to balance the concentration of solution inside and outside a cell
How can movements of particles rate can be increased
The difference in concentrations
Surface area
Temperature
What is active transport
Movement of particles through a membrane via CARRIER PROTEINS
Require energy
Move them against the concentration gradient
What enzyme does saliva contain
Amylase
What does bile do
Emulsifies LIPIDS to form droplets
Increases surface area
What does the pancreas release and what does it do
Releases Amylase and all enzymes
Breaks down starch into glucose
Where is water absorbed in the body
Large intestine
Where are nutrients absorbed
Small intestine
What are enzymes
Special proteins that act as biological catalyst
Explain Enzyme practical
Mix amylase with starch and start timer
Remove a few drops from mixture every 10 seances and add to iodine
Record time taken for no starch to be detected
Food Test
Starch
Turns Iodine from orange to black
Food test
Sugars
Turn Benedicts from blue to orange
Must be heated
Food Test
Protein
Turns Biuret from Blue to Purple
Food Test
Lipids
Sudan 3
Red fat layer formed
What is double circulatory system
Blood enters heart twice every time it is pumped round body
What does the Pulmonary artery do
Takes un oxygenated blood into the lungs
What is the pulmonary vein
Takes oxygenated blood from the lungs into the heart
What is the aorta
Heart to body
Why will the left side of the heart have thicker walls
Need higher pressure needed to pump blood to the body
What is coronary heart disease
When the artery supplying the blood to the heart becomes blocked
Features of arteries
Thick walls
Wide lumen
Features of a vein
Thin walls
Wide lumen
Has valve
What are stents and what do they do
Help to open vessel
For CVD
What are statins and what do they do
Drugs
Reduce fatty deposits
What is carcinogens
Anything that increases the rate of cancer occurring
What is the xylem
Continuous tubes that carry water and dissolved Mineral ions upwards
Transpiration
What is the Phloem
Tubes of cells that carry sugars
Translocation
Bi Directional
What are nitrates needed for and deficiency
Nitrates are needed for protein synthesis
Deficiency:Stunted growth
What are magnesium needed for and deficiency
Chlorosis occurs
Deficiency:Yellow leaves and stunted growth
What is the waxy cuticle
Waterproof to stop water loss from top of leaf
What is the upper epidermis
Transparent to let light through
What is the spongey mesophyll
Gaps to facilitate gas exchange
How do virus reproduce
By inserting genes into cells which causes them to produce more copies
What are lymphocytes
A type of white blood cell which produces antitoxins
Explain pregnancy test to be positive
1.Urine travels up the reaction zone
2.HCG hormone will react to the mobile antibodies in the reaction zone
3.HCG hormone will move up and bind to the immobile antibodies in the result window
4.Any antibodies that do not bind to the HCG
5.will bind to the immobile antibodies in the control window
6.Blue die will appear in result and control window
