Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a cell?

A

The smallest unit of life Makes up all living things

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2
Q

What is a tissue?(Give an example)

A

A group of similar cells working together
i.e. group of nerve cells makes a nerve (tissue)

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3
Q

What is an organ?(Give example)

A

A group of tissues working together
i.e. muscle tissue and nervous tissue both needed in the heart

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4
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs working together to carry out an essential bodily function

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5
Q

What is a nutrient?

A

A substance which is needed for an organism to survive and be healthy

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6
Q

What are the 3 macronutrients?

A

Fats (lipids)
Protein
Carbohydrates

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7
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

To break down and absorb nutrients from food

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8
Q

What is the role of enzymes in the digestive system?

A

Speed up the breakdown of macronutrients (fats, proteins and carbs)

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9
Q

What enzyme digests fats (lipids) and what is produced?

A

Enzyme: Lipase
Products: Fatty acids
and glycerol

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10
Q

What enzyme digests protein and what is produced?

A

Enzyme: Protease

Products: Amino acids

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11
Q

What enzyme digests starch and what is produced?

A

Enzyme: Amylase

Products: Glucose

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12
Q

What 2 organs produce all 3 digestive enzymes?

A

Pancreas
Small intestine

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13
Q

What organ produces only amylase?

A

Salivary glands

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14
Q

What organ produces only protease?

A

Stomach

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15
Q

Explain the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

A

Increasing temperature, increases enzyme activity because there is more kinetic energy and more collisions between molecules

After the optimum temperature, enzyme activity decreases because the enzyme is denatured

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16
Q

Explain the effect of pH on enzyme activity?

A

• Each enzyme works best at optimum pH

• Increasing or decreasing pH, enzyme activity decreases because the enzyme is denatured

17
Q

What is the active site?

A

Where the substrate joins to the enzyme

18
Q

Describe what happens when an enzyme is denatured?

A

The enzyme changes shape and can no longer function

19
Q

What jobs do enzymes have outside the digestive system?

A

Speed up other reactions such as

• Building large molecules from small

• Respiration

• Photosynthesis

20
Q

The small intestine is an exchange surface. What does this mean? Give 3 examples.

A

Exchange surfaces increase the rate of absorption of nutrients into an organism

Roots in plants (water)

Small intestines (glucose, amino acids,
fatty acids, glycerol)

Lungs (oxygen)

21
Q

How is the small intestine adapted for its function?

A

Villi make large surface area

Good blood supply

Walls one cell thick

22
Q

Where is bile made?

A

Liver

23
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gall bladder

24
Q

Describe the function of bile.

A

To speed up fat digestion by lipase

25
Q

Explain how bile speeds up fat digestion by lipase in the small intestine.

A

Neutralises stomach acid which creates optimum
pH for lipase to work

Breaks down fat into
smaller droplets (emulsifies) so it has a larger surface area

26
Q

Name the digestive system organs

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas,gall bladder,liver,large intestine, rectum and anus

27
Q

What is an Enzyme?

A

Biological catalyst:
Speeds up reactions without getting changed or used up in the reaction itself