Paper 1 - Section A Flashcards
What questions are in section A of paper 1?
1.1 - a 5 marker
1.2 - a 15 marker
What is the definition of socalisation?
The life long process of learning the culture of any society
What is the defenition of Social norms?
Social rules which define ‘correct’ and ‘acceptable’ behaviour in a society or social group which people are expected to conform to
E.g using a knife and fork in the UK
What is the definition of values?
Beliefs about what is right and wrong and the important standards which are worth maintaining and acheiving in a society or social group
What is the definition of culture?
The way of life of a particular society
What are the two types of culture and their definitions?
Material culture - refers to the physical things that people create and atttach meaning to
Non-matierial culture - refers to ideas that people share, e.g rules, traditions, history
What would Durkheim argue is caused by inadequate socalisation?
Anomie
What are 5 agencies which can pass on culture?
The family
The education system
Religion
Mass media
Work
How does the family pass on cultural norms? (4 examples)
They will teach them whats morally acceptable
Guided and deliberate teaching of traditions
Social control - praise and punishment
Imitation - role models
What are the two forms of curriculum in schools? (Marxist)
Formal and hidden
How do Bowles and Gintis (Marxists) argue that hidden curriculum shapes a child?
They believe it had a correspondence principle, meaning it prepares kids to be passive workers
How does the formal curriculum help pass on culture (1 explanation and 1 Marxist explanation) ?
Schools deliver knowledge of culture to children
Althusser argues that education teaches children that an unfair society is acceptable
How is religion a powerful agency of secondary socialisation in the UK?
British society is based off of prodminatly Christian values, British laws are built on the 10 comandments and Christian holidays are part of tradition
How is religion a form of collective conscience?
Its a shared set of norms and values
How does parental faith help to pass culture onto children?
They will practice traditions such as Christmas and rites of passage (e.g communion), be educated in faith schools etc
Many children view religious practice and belief as a normal part of their life
What type of socalisation does the family fall under?
Primary
How does mass media help socialise children and pass on culture?
Mass media allows children to be exposed to a huge amount of information including norms and values of their culture
Ex - Hypodermic Syringe model - passed out without question
Why is work a powerful instrument of secondary socalisation?
Adults have to adapt to the demands of their work position and learn the ‘canteen culture’ - (Waddington) of the new workplace
What did Waddington (1999) mean with Canteen culture? (Socalisation through work)
A set of norms and values that people who work in a particular organisation will be socalised to accept
E.g language, behaviours and ceartin language
Where does primary socalisation occur?
In the family
Which theorist argues that children are taught their gender roles through expectation and canalisation? (Primary socalisation in the family)
Anne Oakley
How do functionalists believe that children are taught their gender roles? (Socalisation)
Through imitation of role models and direct contact with family members
What is primary socalisation?
Socalisation that takes place within the family, where children learn the basic norms, values and roles of their culture
Learning through - rewards, punishments and imitation
What is secondary socialisation?
Socalsation which takes place outside the home, where we learn general skills and attitudes to help us fit into wider society
What is a subculture?
A culture within a culture with its own set of norms and values
