Femnist Perspective Of Inequality Flashcards
What is the Save the Children defenition of gender inequality?
Inequality is dicrimination based off of Gender which results in ome gender being favoured over the other
How many women will be a victim of sexusl violence in their life?
1 in 10 globally
What are the 4 strands of Feminsm?
Liberal
Marxist
Radical
Difference
What wave of Feminsism was the 1870’s to the 1920’s
1st wave
Why was the 1920’s to 1950’s important to feminism?
Women got the right to vote in 1928 and the war allowed women to act as a ‘reserve army of labour’ , proving they could do it
What wave of Feminsm was the 1960’s and 70’s?
2nd wave feminsm
Why were the 80s to early 2000s significant for difference feminists?
Black women began to get a voice
What has been significant about the 2010s for feminism?
Social media has been both positve and negative for feminsism as it provides a platform for ideas but also can exaccebate issues
What are 3 biological ‘explanations’ for gender inquality?
Women are physically weaker
Womens reproductive functions make them unable and unfit for life outside the home
Women are programed to want children and take care of them
What novel was Simone De Beauvoir most famous for?
The second sex
What quote was Simone De Beauvoirs famous for?
‘One is not born, but becomes a woman’ - referring to the idea that we are socialised into becoming our gender roles
What does Simone De Beauvoir argue has lead to women becoming the ‘Other’ (‘The second sex’)
Male power and influence means that women become the ‘other’
What did Kelly and Radford (1996) claim about male violence against women?
They claimed that as male violence usually has an element of sexual power. Even when the violence is not overt, women’s lives are still limited
Why does male violence cause inequality according Kelly and Radford (1996) ?
Women are scared to go outside at night due to the male threat
Why does inequality occur according to liberal feminists?
Inequality occurs as we are socialised into our gender roles at birth, e.g women are encouraged to be subordinate and discouraged from developing strong and positive self-images
Who’s theory best captures the liberal feminst idea the socalisation is the source of inequality?
Anne Oaklys ‘ setting and streaming’ - canalisation, manipulation, verbal appellations and difference in activities
What are the 4 ways we are socialised into our gender roles according to Anne Oakly?
Manipulation
Canalisation
Verbal appellations
Different activities
What does the Fawcett Society’s (2015) survey claim about the gender pay gap?
Tht full-time working women make 17% less than full-time men on average
What did Pierre Bourdieu claim ? (1982)
That women are seen as ‘other’ and sexism is an example of symbolic power
What did Pierre Bourdieu mean when dicussing symbolic voilence in gender relations ? (1982)
The idea and values of men being imposed on women without any real conscious thought, e.g systematic sexism
What example of symbolic violence does Sue Lee (1996) give in support of Bourdieu (1982)
Women being blamed for being raped if they were drunk or dressed ‘provocatively’
What did the Young Foundation (2015) find about gender inequality in society?
They found evidende of systamitic inequalities and deep gender inquality and the situation is getting worse
E.g
27% of Women are payed less than living wage
or poor paternety wage means women are left to do all the childcare
What did Margret Benston (1972 , Radical Feminist) claim about womens role in the home?
She claimed that male breadwinners benfit from the free labour of their partner , however, captalists esssentially gain 2 workers for the price of one, as women run the home
What did Margret Benston (1972) describe women as?
‘Slaves of wage slaves’
What did Ansley (1972, Marxist Feminist) claim the role of women was?
To act as a safety valve for women frustrations, women are ‘takers of male shit’.
What did Moller Okin (1989) argue was the assumed family type by law , work etc
The nuclear family, meaning that society expects workers to ‘have wives at home’
What statistic did Weitzman (1985) put forward regarding quality of life post-divorce in her published work “The Divorce Revolution”
That womens standard of living after divorce decreases by 73% whilst mens increased by 43%
What did Feeley (1972) claim about the family? (Marxist Feminst)
She claimed that it is an authoritarian unit, which is mostly dominated by fatthers - this helps children learn to submit to authority (their parents, specifically Dad) but reflects to capitalist society
Who did Anne Oakly (1972) directly criticise?
Wilmot and Young’s ideas about a ‘march of progress’ and symmetrical families
How does Anne Oakley’s theory of Sex role theory apply to inequality?
She claims that women are expected to do the duel burden e.g housework and childcare. If not they face the wrath of their husbands or the consequence of ill children
How do Dunscombe and Marsden support Anne Oakly?
They claim that women have to do a triple shift e.g payed work, the emotional role and unpayed labour
Why is the family an anti-social force according to Barret and Mcintosh? (1982)
As it promotes selfishness, inequality and private interests at the expense of community
What statistic did Germaine Greer (2000) offer regarding the satisfaction of married and non-married people?
She claimed that married men are more satisfied than non married men but the opposite is true for women
What percent of divorces are initated by women accourding to Germaine Greer (2000)
75%
How does Greer’s (2000) statistic claiming that 75% of divorces are initiated by women show inequality?
Because it shows that women are far more unhappy in marriage then men
What did Rosemary Tong (1989) say was the purpose of the domestic devision of labour?
It reduces female visability as it keeps them in the private sphere (the home) and men in the public sphere
How does Hidesons social control theory link to Tong’s (1989) claims regarding the visibility of women?
Social control theory also believes that inequality occurs due to their lack of visability
What does Firestone (1970) claim causes gender inequality?
The fact that women give birth and it gives men an excuse to claim females have a physical disadvantage - argued for the use of ‘artificial wombs’ to ‘free women from their chains of Biology’
What did Dawkins (1981) claim in her book ‘Pornography; Men Possessing Women’ about the nuclear family?
She was highly critical of the nuclear family as men are the main breadwinner, it leads to direct economic power over wives
How does Duncombe and Marsden (1995) support Anne Oakly’s duel burden?
They proposed the idea of triple shift
How did Kat Banyard (2011) combat ‘choice theory’?
She argues against choice theory and argues that beauty standards are deeply unequal and it leads to unequal self-esteem
She belives that the sex industry is never a choice
What did Kat Banyard (2011) say about sexual harrasment accusations in the education system?
They aren’t taken seriously
What did Edgel (1980) find out the distribution of power in marriage?
Discovered that wives deferred to their husbands when decision making about financal decisions - because men make more money
What did Gershuny (2000) find about couples decision making in 1995?
70% of couples claimed that they had equal decisions and found that if women earned more, they’d make the decisions
What did Pahl (1994) find about housework expectancy in his survey of 750 couples?
Even when wives were in full time work, they were still expected to do the bulk of the housework , but did note that unemployed men did more work
How did Sue Lee believe male dominance began to present itself (Slag’s and Drag’s 1993)
By the male labelling of ‘slags’ or ‘drags’ - begins to allow men to put themselves above women
What did Archer (2007) find out about gender inequality?
W/c girls were targeted in schools as they were wearing make-up, branded clothes etc
What did Bells Hooks bring to modern feminism?
The cultural concerns of women of colour, she argued that intersectionality is needed
What does Sommerville (2000) say about work hours?
She argues that work hours had to be adjusted to allow men to male domestic duties equal
But acknowledged that progress has been made
