Interactionism, Crime And Deviance Flashcards
Who is considered to be the founder of Interactionism?
Cooley 1902
What is primary deviance?
Non-labelled deviance
What is secondary deviance?
Labelled deviance
What were the 5 areas of context that Becker (1963) highlighted would have an effect on how an act is viewed?
Who commited the act
When is the act commited
Society or culture
Historical or political circumstance
Place the act is commited
What did Becker call the ‘rule setters’ of a social group?
The moral crusaders
How do Moral entrepreneurs use the media? (Becker - Interactionist)
They use the media to create sensitisation of the public to sway them to their cause
What is Becker (1963) associated with?
Labelling theory
What theory is Stan Cohen (1972) associated with?
Interactionism
Who created the idea of the deviancy amplification spiral?
Wilkins
Who added media to the deviancy amplification spiral?
Stan Cohen (1972)
Who was someone who was discreditable according to Goffman 1963?
People who got away with crimes
Who is someone that is discredited (or had a spolied identity) accourding to Goffman 1963?
Someone who had gone through the penal process therefore are discredited
Who wrote about Primary and Secondary deviance?
Lemert (1971)
What is master status according to Becker?
Master status is your main status which is your social identity
How does master status (Becker) link to crime?
People may accept being a criminal as their master status , meaning that they act accordingly (link to self-fulfilling prophecy)
How did delinquent (a criminal child) get labelled according to Platt ? (1969)
Criminal children are labelled as delinquents who have gone off track and need help
How are criminal adults labelled according to Platt? (1969)
They are seen as criminals who need punishment
How do zones of transition (Park and Burgess) link to Platt (1969)
Platt found that areas of transition had the highest crime rates
Why do interactionists disagree with functionalists?
They claim that crime is a reaction to labels, not a reaction to the ‘forces of society’
When is an act considered deviant or criminal accourding to Becker?
When it is witnessed and labeled as such
What did Mcrobbie and Thorton find about the frequency of moral panics and their effect?
They claim that moral panics are so frequent now that they have little effect on public opinion
What did Mcrobbie and Thornton find regarding the benfit of moral panics?
They found that people created moral panics for their own benefit (reflexivity)
Who claimed that Moral Panics do still have an effect on the public?
Good and Ben-Yehuda (2009) - claimed they still exist but have evolved
What did Cicourel (1968) find studying the correlation between crime rates and the amount of Police officers?
He found that the city with the highest crime rate in his study had the highest number of police officers
The other cities’ crime rates fluctuated according to media coverage
What did Cicourel (1968) claim about typifications?
He claimed that those who fitted the stereotype of criminals were likely to be arrested
Why would the m/c be more likely to get away with crime than the w/c according to Cicourel (1968) (interactionist)
The middle class are less likely to fit the typification of a criminal and are more likely to negotiate their way out of charges
What were the two types of justice Braithwaite (1989) spoke about?
Disintegrative and reintergrative
What is disintegrative justice?
Typical ‘name and shame’ punishments , e.g court
What is reintergrative justice?
An idea proposed by Braithwaite that seeked to heal the damage caused by crime by giving the victim the power
What is a strength of interactionism?
It explains how Lawmaking can effect crime
What are two weaknesses of interactionism?
They only study a narrow range of crime
Its reductionist
What is a marxist criticism of interactionism?
Taylor, Walton and Young (marxists) claim that interactionist theories of crime ignore the role of power in the CJS
Why does Birthwaite claim reintegrative justice should be used?
It is needed to maintain the social bonds of an offender (link to Hirschi)
