Interactionism, Crime And Deviance

Question 1

Who is considered to be the founder of Interactionism?

Answer 1

Cooley 1902

Question 2

What is primary deviance?

Answer 2

Non-labelled deviance

Question 3

What is secondary deviance?

Answer 3

Labelled deviance

Question 4

What were the 5 areas of context that Becker (1963) highlighted would have an effect on how an act is viewed?

Answer 4

Who commited the act
When is the act commited
Society or culture
Historical or political circumstance
Place the act is commited

Question 5

What did Becker call the ‘rule setters’ of a social group?

Answer 5

The moral crusaders

Question 6

How do Moral entrepreneurs use the media? (Becker - Interactionist)

Answer 6

They use the media to create sensitisation of the public to sway them to their cause

Question 7

What is Becker (1963) associated with?

Answer 7

Labelling theory

Question 8

What theory is Stan Cohen (1972) associated with?

Answer 8

Interactionism

Question 9

Who created the idea of the deviancy amplification spiral?

Answer 9

Wilkins

Question 10

Who added media to the deviancy amplification spiral?

Answer 10

Stan Cohen (1972)

Question 11

Who was someone who was discreditable according to Goffman 1963?

Answer 11

People who got away with crimes

Question 12

Who is someone that is discredited (or had a spolied identity) accourding to Goffman 1963?

Answer 12

Someone who had gone through the penal process therefore are discredited

Question 13

Who wrote about Primary and Secondary deviance?

Answer 13

Lemert (1971)

Question 14

What is master status according to Becker?

Answer 14

Master status is your main status which is your social identity

Question 15

How does master status (Becker) link to crime?

Answer 15

People may accept being a criminal as their master status , meaning that they act accordingly (link to self-fulfilling prophecy)

Question 16

How did delinquent (a criminal child) get labelled according to Platt ? (1969)

Answer 16

Criminal children are labelled as delinquents who have gone off track and need help

Question 17

How are criminal adults labelled according to Platt? (1969)

Answer 17

They are seen as criminals who need punishment

Question 18

How do zones of transition (Park and Burgess) link to Platt (1969)

Answer 18

Platt found that areas of transition had the highest crime rates

Question 19

Why do interactionists disagree with functionalists?

Answer 19

They claim that crime is a reaction to labels, not a reaction to the ‘forces of society’

Question 20

When is an act considered deviant or criminal accourding to Becker?

Answer 20

When it is witnessed and labeled as such

Question 21

What did Mcrobbie and Thorton find about the frequency of moral panics and their effect?

Answer 21

They claim that moral panics are so frequent now that they have little effect on public opinion

Question 22

What did Mcrobbie and Thornton find regarding the benfit of moral panics?

Answer 22

They found that people created moral panics for their own benefit (reflexivity)

Question 23

Who claimed that Moral Panics do still have an effect on the public?

Answer 23

Good and Ben-Yehuda (2009) - claimed they still exist but have evolved

Question 24

What did Cicourel (1968) find studying the correlation between crime rates and the amount of Police officers?

Answer 24

He found that the city with the highest crime rate in his study had the highest number of police officers

The other cities’ crime rates fluctuated according to media coverage

Question 25

What did Cicourel (1968) claim about typifications?

Answer 25

He claimed that those who fitted the stereotype of criminals were likely to be arrested

Question 26

Why would the m/c be more likely to get away with crime than the w/c according to Cicourel (1968) (interactionist)

Answer 26

The middle class are less likely to fit the typification of a criminal and are more likely to negotiate their way out of charges

Question 27

What were the two types of justice Braithwaite (1989) spoke about?

Answer 27

Disintegrative and reintergrative

Question 28

What is disintegrative justice?

Answer 28

Typical ‘name and shame’ punishments , e.g court

Question 29

What is reintergrative justice?

Answer 29

An idea proposed by Braithwaite that seeked to heal the damage caused by crime by giving the victim the power

Question 30

What is a strength of interactionism?

Answer 30

It explains how Lawmaking can effect crime

Question 31

What are two weaknesses of interactionism?

Answer 31

They only study a narrow range of crime

Its reductionist

Question 32

What is a marxist criticism of interactionism?

Answer 32

Taylor, Walton and Young (marxists) claim that interactionist theories of crime ignore the role of power in the CJS

Question 33

Why does Birthwaite claim reintegrative justice should be used?

Answer 33

It is needed to maintain the social bonds of an offender (link to Hirschi)